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1、U.S. Missions Apollo Landing Missions o Apollo: Expeditions to the Moon o Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft o Prologue o Spacecraft, Suits, and Rovers o Precursors to the Landing Missions o Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 13, Apollo 14, Apollo 15, Apollo 16, Apollo 17 o Epilogue
2、: When might we go back to the Moon? o Apollo Lunar Surface Journal Robotic Spacecraft o Mariner Missions Mariner 2, Mariner 4, Mariner 5, Mariner 6 & 7, Mariner 9, Mariner 10 o Ranger to the Moon (1964 - 1965) Ranger 7, Ranger 8, Ranger 9 o Lunar Orbiter (1966-1967) Lunar Orbiter 1, Lunar Orbiter 2
3、, Lunar Orbiter 3, Lunar Orbiter 4, Lunar Orbiter 5 o Surveyor o Pioneer 10 & 11 o Viking Project Viking Fact Sheet o Voyager The Voyager Planetary Mission Voyager Jupiter Science Summary Voyager Saturn Science Summary Voyager Neptune Science Summary Voyager Uranus Science Summary o Solar Maximum Mi
4、ssion o Magellan o Galileo o Clementine to the Moon o NEAR o Mars Global Surveyor o Mars Pathfinder Spacecraft o Mars Pathfinder Rover o Cassini/Huygens Cassini Fact Sheet o Lunar Prospector o IMAGE o Deep Space 1 o Mars Climate Orbiter o Mars Polar Lander o Deep Space 2 o Stardust o 2001 Mars Odyss
5、ey o Mars Exploration Rovers Mars Spirit Rover Mars Opportunity Rover o New Horizons Pluto Kuiper Belt Flyby o MESSENGER o Phoenix Mars Lander o Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter o Dawn USSR/Russia Missions Luna Mission Summaries, 1959 - 1976 o Luna 2, Luna 3, Luna 9, Luna 10, Luna 11, Luna 12, Luna 13,
6、Luna 14, Luna 16, Luna 17, Luna 19, Luna 20, Luna 21, Luna 22, Luna 24. Zond Mission Summaries, 1965 - 1970 o Zond 3, Zond 5, Zond 6, Zond 7, Zond 8. Phobos Mars 96 Venera Mission Summaries, 1967 - 1983 o Venera 4, Venera 5, Venera 6, Venera 7, Venera 8, Venera 9, Venera 10, Venera 11, Venera 12, Ve
7、nera 13, Venera 14, Venera 15 & 16 European Missions Giotto Ulysses SOHO Cassini/Huygens Rosetta Japanese Missions Sakigake Nozomi (Planet-B) Suisei Yohkoh The space program of the Peoples Republic of China is directed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA). Its technological roots can be
8、 traced back to the late 1950s, when the Peoples Republic began a rudimentary ballistic missile program in response to perceived American (and, later, Soviet) threats. However, the first Chinese crewed flight program only began in earnest several decades later, when an accelerated program of technol
9、ogical development culminated in Yang Liweis successful 2003 flight aboard Shenzhou5. This achievement made China the third country to independently send humans into space. Future plans include a permanent space station and crewed expeditions to the Moon and Mars.Contentshide 1 History and recent de
10、velopments o 1.1 During the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship period o 1.2 After the Sino-Soviet split o 1.3 After Mao Zedongs death o 1.4 After the end of the Cold War o 1.5 Dual-use technologies and outer space 2 Organization o 2.1 Universities and institutes o 2.2 Space cities o 2.3 Suborbital lau
11、nch sites o 2.4 Satellite launch centers o 2.5 Monitoring and control centers 2.5.1 Domestic tracking stations 2.5.2 Overseas tracking stations 2.5.3 Crewed spacecraft landing site 3 Crewed spaceflight programs o 3.1 Project 714 o 3.2 Project 863 o 3.3 Project 921 3.3.1 Space capsule 3.3.2 Space lab
12、oratory 3.3.3 Space station o 3.4 Proposed lunar exploration o 3.5 Mission to Mars and beyond 4 Goals 5 List of projects o 5.1 Satellites and science o 5.2 Satellite launch center o 5.3 Launch vehicles o 5.4 Space exploration 6 Research 7 See also 8 References 9 External links edit History and recen
13、t developmentsThis article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (July 2009)This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedias quality standards. You can help. T
14、he discussion page may contain suggestions. (July 2009)edit During the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship periodAfter the United States threatened to use nuclear weapons during the Korean Warcitation needed, Chairman Mao Zedong decided that only a nuclear deterrent of its own would guarantee the secur
15、ity of the newly founded PRC. Additionally, he wanted China to gain status among the worlds powers that, as he felt, did not respect him, and instead dealt only with the Republic of China (present-day Taiwan) as China. Thus, Mao announced his decision to develop Chinas own strategic weapons, including nuclear bombs and associated missiles for the warheads, during a Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting held on January 15, 1955. The Chinese nu
