《定语从句2016.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《定语从句2016.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、形容词性从句-定语从句Attributive Clause用来修饰名词、代词、句子等，在句中的作用相当于形容词，故称为形容词性从句。一、定语从句的定义：定语从句在句中做定语，在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which，as等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。关系词有两个作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句充当什么成分，是掌握定
2、语从句的关键。The girl is Mary. The girl is standing there. 合并为=The girl who is standing there is Mary. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 二、定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种：限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限）The house, which w
3、e bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。三、限制性定语从句中关系词的选择：1）.首先分清主句和定语从句 2）.确定定语从句的先行词3）.把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语,宾语,定语或状语）4）.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词,若在从句中做状语,则选择关系副词. 关系代词 1. 关系代词在句中作主语：一般规则是：先行词是人的名词或代词时，一般情况下是既可用who也可用that,不过在实践中在两种答案都有的情况下，优先选择who跟在人后引导定语从句的。先行词是事物的名词或代词时用whic
4、h / that .大多用that较少用which，尤其在口语中如此。1.The man is a worker. 2.The man（作主语）is speaking at the meeting.合并为= The man _ is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 1.This is a truck. 2.The truck is made in China. 合并为= This is a truck_ is made in China.2. 关系代词在句中作宾语: 正式语体分别用whom指人,which指物。非正式语体用who / that指人,th
5、at指物。关系代词在句中作宾语一般可以省略The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.=分解：The woman is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman. (作宾语)I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.Where is the man whom/ who/ that/可省略 I saw this morning?Where is the book which/that/可省略I bought this morning?2 关
6、系代词在句中作介词的补足成分（即介词的宾语）1). 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。 如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter.Li Hua is a man for whom I have the greatest respect. This is the house in which I have ever lived.2).介词在末尾时，可用that/whom（代人），that/which（代物）做介词的宾语，且这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 如：They
7、are the boys whom/who/that/可省略I want to school with.The library that / which /可省略you are referring to is now closed.注意：以下几个词组介词不能前置look for ,look after, look forward to ,take care of在选择关系词时依然用whom/ who /that指人which /that 指物，或that可省。如：Is this the knife which /that/可省you are looking for?These children
8、 whom/who/that /可省 you will take care of are girls.Exercises:1. The novel_ was read by you belongs to me.2. She is a beautiful girl _ I have ever seen.3. He is the man _ you can depend.4. The comrade _you spoke to is a model worker.5. This is the dictionary _I paid for 5 dollars.6. This is the dicti
9、onary _I am looking for.7. He is the baby _ you will take care of.3.关系代词在句中作定语:关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语，其先行词既可指“人”也可指“物”.意为”(先行词)的whose在从句中作定语，修饰其后的名词。即“whose +名词”1. I know the girl. 2. The girls mother is a teacher.=I know the girl whose mother is a teacher. 3. He lives in the room. 4.The rooms window op
10、ens to the south.=He lives in the room whose window opens to the south. 注：除掌握上述基本用法外，还须注意以下几点：1.)不可用物主代词my、your、his、her、its、our、their来引导该定语从句。尽管意义上whose确定含有这样的意思。2.) “whose +名词”=“the+名词+of+whom(指人) ” = “the+名词+of+which(指物)”He has written a book whose name Ive completely forgotten. =He has written a
11、book the name of which Ive completely forgotten.=He has written a book of which the name Ive completely forgotten.Ill talk to those children whose homework =the homework of whom =of whom the homework hasnt been handed in. Exercises:1.To our surprise, the girl_English is not very good can sing Englis
12、h songs so beautiful. A.whose B.who C.which D.whom2. The gentleman,_ daughter I worked,looked down upon women. A.whose B.with whom C.with whose D.in whose3. He is from Shanghai,_population is the largest of all big cities in China.A.whose B.its C.where D.which4. The man_coat is black is waiting at t
13、he gate. A.who B.whose C.that D.of which5. The girl_you saw in the street is Mary. A.that B. whose C.which D.as6. Do you know the girl_necklace has been stolen? A.her B.which C.that D.whose7. Do you know the boy,the dictionary of_was lent to you. A.his B.which C.whom D.whose8. The notebook_cover is
14、red is mine. A.who B which C.whose D.that9. This is a very boy_parents were killed in the wall.A.who B.that C.whose D.whom4.在限制性定语从句中关系代词的其他用法： 1）.用that而不用which(指物)/who(m)(指人)先行词为不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, none ,all, few, little, much, any时或者被all, little ,few, much, any, every, no
15、, 等。We should do all that is useful to the people. All that can be done has been done. Theres nothing that can be said about it. 注：something后还可以用which。E.g.：Tell me something (that /which) you know.先行词被the only, the very, the same ,the last / next ,the one等词修饰时。The only thing that we could do was to wait. Thats the very word that is wrongly used.D
