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1、2010年高考英语第一轮复习-选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点)词汇部分词语辨析1. means / way / method 2. percent / percentage 3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear 4. hire / employ / rent词形变化1. elect vt.选举,推举;选择vi. 进行选举,作出选择election n.选举,推举,当选elective adj.可任意选择的n.选修科目2. immigrate vi. 移入immigration n. 移
2、民入境immigrant n.移民,侨民3. race n.赛跑;竞争;人种 v. 参赛racial adj. 人种的,种族的racism n. 种族歧视,种族偏见;种族主义4. apparent adj. 显然的,明白的,表面上的apparently adv. 显然,表面上地5. punishment n. 罚,刑罚punish vt. 惩罚,处罚重点单词 1. majority n. 大多数;大半 2. applicant n. 申请人3. occur vi. 发生;出现;存在4. indicate vt. 指出;标示;表明 5. slip vi. 滑动;滑行;滑跤 n. 滑倒;小过失;失
3、误6. insert vt.插入,嵌入重点词组1. live on 继续生活或存在2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等3. keep up坚持;维持;沿袭古老的风俗 传统等;使某人不能去睡觉4. team up with(与某人)一起工作(尤指为一共同目标);合作5. mark out 划线标出界线6. take in 包括;吸收;接纳;欺骗7. a great/good many 相当多,很多重点句子1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.2. E
4、xactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.重点语法名词性从句(见语法部分)语言要点(模块).词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. means / way / method【解释】means “方法、方式、工具”,着重于具体的手段。(单复数相同)way “一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式”,与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method “有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”,也可以指抽象概念“条理”。短语搭配:做的方法:a way to do sth.a
5、 way of doing sth. / a method of doing sth.;用这种些方法:in this way / with the method / by this means;用方法,借助:by means of. 无论如何:by all means;一点也不,决不(用于句首句子需倒装) :by no means;by the way顺便问一下;on one s way to在去的路上;in the way 挡住路【练习】用means,way,method填空。1). These vegetables can be cooked in different _. 2). Onl
6、y in this _ can you find out the truth.3). By this _ I get in touch with him.4). We express our thoughts by _ of words. 5). _ _ _ shall I lend him money! 6). The methods of _ (teach) need _ (improve).Keys: 1). ways 2). way 3). means 4). means 5). By no means 6). teaching; improving / to be improved
7、2. percent / percentage【解释】percent 表示“百分之”,相当于“”,其前面往往是一个具体的数字。percentage 表示“百分比;百分率”,前面不能是具体数字,只能被high,low等修饰。【练习】用percent,percentage填空。1). I am a hundred _ in agreement with you.2). This company only supply 30 _ of what we need.3). The numbers are small, in _ terms, but significant.4). There used
8、to be a high _ of babies that diet scarlet fever every year.Keys: 1). percent 2). percent 3). percentage 4). percentage what percentage3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear【解释】obvious意为“某东西具有显著特点,不需费力就可觉察到,常用于一目了然的事物”。apparent意为“表面看起来很明显,而实际情况未必如此”。evident意为“有证据作出合理判断,考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显”。clear意为“不存在使
9、人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素”。【练习】用obvious,apparent,evident,clear填空。1). It was an _ mistake for him to have gone alone.2). The situation is _ to everyone.3). It was becoming increasingly _ that he disliked me.4). The applause made it _ that the play was a hit. Keys: 1). obvious 2). clear 3). apparent 4). evident 4
10、. hire / employ / rent 【解释】 hire是日常用语,指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西,有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意;多指临时租用某物。如:hire a boat,a car,a camera,a bicycle,an evening dress,a hall for a meeting等,指人时,有“雇用”、“受雇”两种含义。employ较正式,多指商店或公司长期雇用人手;受雇人员较广,甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员,有“聘请”之义;也可以解释为“忙于,从事”常用于be employed in sth. / doing sth. 短语中。
11、 注:要弄清 employ 几个名词的用法:employee (雇工,雇员),employer (户主,东家),employment (就业,雇用)。rent一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去);也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意;多指用于长时间的场合。如:rent a house,a flat,a TV等。rent还可作名词,意为“租金;租费”。【练习】用hire,employ,rent填空。1). Our house has been _ by a newly-married couple.2). It s important to _ proper words i
12、n writing poem.3). They _ _ in writing when I came. 4). They _ out boats by the hour. 5). We _ a driver to take us on a tour of the city.Keys: 1). rented 2). employ 3). were employed 4). hire 5). hired.词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)1. elect vt.选举,推举;选择vi. 进行选举,作出选择election n.选举,推举,当选elective adj.可任意选择的n.选修科目2.
13、 immigrate vi. 移入immigration n. 移民入境immigrant n.移民,侨民3. race n.赛跑;竞争;人种 v. 参赛racial adj. 人种的,种族的racism n. 种族歧视,种族偏见;种族主义4. apparent adj. 显然的,明白的,表面上的apparently adv. 显然,表面上地5. punishment n. 罚,刑罚punish vt. 惩罚,处罚【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). In America, presidential _ (elect) are held every four years. 2). T
14、hey deserve to _ (punish) for putting passengers at risk. 3). She had to tidy the classroom as _ (punish) for being late. 4). She was the daughter of Chinese _ (immigrate) to America. 5). There was a sudden increase _ (immigrate) in from Eastern Europe. 6). He is a victim of _ (race) discrimination. 7). She turned to face him, her anger _ (apparent) gone. 8). Their motives, as will soon become _ (apparently), are completely selfish. Keys: 1). elections 2). be punished 3). punishment 4). immigrants5). immigration 6). racial