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1、2022届高考英语语法总复习实义动词的用法实义动词的概念实义动词是表示动作或状态,有完整意义,能在句中独立作谓语的动词They eat a lot of potatoes.他们吃了大量土豆。根据词尾是否接宾语实义动词可分为及物动词(vt.)和不 及物动词(vi.)及物动词及物动词是指后面带有宾语的动词,其后要接宾语,意义才完整宾语通常由名词、代词、 动词-mg形式、动词不定式等构成He always does his homework at home.他总是在家里做作业。I have lunch at school every day.我每天在学校吃午饭。用法:1、及物动词可用于被动语态中Th
2、e work has been finished for two hours.这项工作已经完成两个小时了。The cup was broken by my brother .茶杯被我弟弟打破了。2、及物动词可以有直接宾语、间接宾语或复合宾语He passed me the bal 1.他把球传给我了。Keep the classroom clean and tidy .保持室内干净、整洁。注意:常见的能带双宾语的动词有:bring, buy, cook, draw, find, get, hand, leave, end make, offer. pass, pay, read, return
3、, sell, show, each, tell write, etc.不及物动词不及物动词本身意思完整,其后无需跟宾语实例:He spoke at the meeting.他在会上发了言。Dont look for an excuse .别找借口了。注意:很多动词既可用作及物动词又可作不及物动词如何区别它们,就看它们后面是否 直接接名词作宾语He studies English very hard.他非常努力地学习英语。(及物动词)He studies very hard.他学习非常努力。(不及物动词)They are playing football on the playground他们
4、正在操场上踢足球。(及物动词)Dont play with fire.不要玩火。(不及物动词)注意:sell,feel,taste,wash,read,write等及物动词常用作不及物动词表被动的意思 用来说明主语的特征,这时主语是物不是人The silk feels soft.这丝绸摸上去很柔软。This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋很畅销。系动词的用法系动词系动词(link v.)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的性质、状态或身份等连系动词虽含 有一定意义,但它不能单独作谓语而要与其后作表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一 起构成合成谓语常见的连系动词有:be (是)
5、become (变得)fall (变成、变得)feel (感觉)get (变成、 变得)grow (变得)keep (保持)look (显得、看起来)seem (好像)turn (使变)sound(听起来)smell (闻起来)taste (尝起来)go (变为,处于状态)The idea to eat in KFC sounds wonderfu 1.去吃肯德基的主意听起来真好。The cake tastes delicious .蛋糕尝起来可口。The weather gets warmer and the day gets longer.天气变得暖和了,白昼也变长了。Later, Tom
6、s father became a scientist .后来,汤姆的父亲成了一名科学家。My face turned red when the teacher asked me the question.当老师问我这个问题时,我的脸 变红了。注意:系动词不用于进行时和被动语态look,smell,taste等词,既可作连系动词, 又可作实义动词。作连系动词后接形容词作表语,作实义动词时要用副词修饰。She looked happy when she heard the news and she looked happily at me. 她听到这个消息 时看上去很高兴,同时她高兴地看着我。前
7、一个looked是连系动词.后接形容词happy 作表语后一个looked是实义动词,用副词happily修饰助动词的用法助动词的概念助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语可用来表示否定、 疑问、时态、语态、语气等常见助动词有be, have, shall, should, will, would, do实例He doesnt speak English.他不说英语。(否定)Do you have a brother ?你有兄弟吗?(疑问)We are playing basketbal l.我们正在打篮球。(时态)助动词be的用法1、加现在分词,构成进行时The stu
8、dents are having class .学生们正在上课。2、加过去分词,构成被动语态The letter was received yesterday.那封倍昨天被收到了。3、be+动词不定式构成谓语可表示打算、决定、计划、安排、指示、命令、禁止、责任、 义务、需要、可能性等He is to leave next week.他决定下周离开。You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow.你们明天必须交练习本。Am I to go on with the work?这工作我该不该继续于下去?助动词have的用法1、have+过去分词构成完成时态Have
9、有人称和数的变化,当主语是第三人称单数时要用助动词has,而在过去时态中 都要用hadI have not seen her for a long time.我好久没见到她了。By the end of last year, he had finished all his work .到去年底,他已经完成了全部工作。2、have+been doing构成完成进行时I have been staying there for a day 我一整天都待在那儿。注意:have可作实义动词I have flu.我得了流感助动词do的用法1、将do, dose, did放在句首,构成一般现在时或一般过去时
10、的疑问句。Do you come from England?你来自英国吗?What did he tell you ?他跟你说什么了?2、do加not,构成一般现在时或一般过去时的否定形式I dont think so.我不认为这样。3、用于替代前面出现的动词,以避免重复He swims better than I do.他游泳游得比我好。(代替动词swim)4、放在动词原级前,用于强调Do be careful !千万要小心啦!They did come, but did nothing.他们来是来了,可什么也没做。前一个did就是用于强调,后一个did是实义动词5、用于构成倒装一 I lo
11、ve flowers.我喜欢花。一 So do I.我也喜欢。Never did I hear of such a story .我从未听说过这样的故事。注意:do也可用作实义动词I always do some reading in the evening.我晚上总要读些书。助动词shall与will的用法shall/will+动词原形,可以构成一般将来时,表示,将来会”。shall用于第一人称, will用于各种人称。There will be more trees in one hundred years.100 年后将有更多的树。I shall be fifteen years old
12、 next birthday.到下一个生日,我就 15 岁了。助动词should与would的用法should和would分别是shall和will的过去式,should/would+动词原形构成过去将来 时。should用于过去将来时态的第一人称,would用于过去将来时态的各种人称。The weather report said that we should have rain.天气预报说,我们这儿将有雨。The boss said that there would be a meeting tomorrow.老板说明天将有一个会议。注意:will, would, shall, shoul
13、d除了表示单纯的将来时间以外,更多的是用作情态动 词shall, should用于第一人称表示单纯的将来时,在现代英语中分别用will,would代 替情态动词的用法情态动词的概念 情态动词表示说话人对所述动作或状态的态度或看法情态动词本身有词义,但不能独立 作谓语,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语在各种人称后都用同样的形式 实例He can swim.他会游泳。Must I be here before eight tomorrow?周天我一定要在8点以前来这里吗? can与could的用法1、could是can的过去式I can speak several languages very well
14、 besides Russian and Korean .除了俄语和韩语外, 我还能流利地说几种语言。I couldnt speak well until l was five years old.我直到 5 岁才说话流利。2、当人们现在决定将来的可能性时,常常用canWe are too busy now, but we can talk about your matter later. 现在我们太忙,我们可以以 后讨论你的问题。We can talk about this matter later on in my home.我们可以稍后在我家讨论这个问题。3、表达“理论上的可能性”即事件
15、或情况可能发生但并不涉及是否真的会发生有时指一 时的情况,常常译为“有时候会”It can be very hot in North China in summer.夏季华北地区会很热。Driving on these snowy roads can be very dangerous.在这些积雪的路上开车有时会很危 险。4、在否定和疑问句中,can表达可能性,有惊异、怀疑、不相信之意,这时can与could 没有时间上的差异只是could的语气更委婉、客气或表示不确定。It couldnt be Dad. He wont be back this time of evening.不可能是父亲,他不可能晚上这个 时候回来。How can that be true?I can t believe my eye那怎么可能是真的?我真不敢相信 我的眼睛5、can/could have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测 Mary cant have gone to school, for it was Sunday .因为是星期天,玛丽不可能去了学校。 表示征求许可时,用could比用can更加迟疑不决,当没有把握的得到允许或需要委婉表达时用could oCould I take this seat, s