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1、.主谓一致Subject-verb Agreement 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。一般来说，不可数名词、可数名词单数用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。语法一致1. 单数名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词谓语动词用单数形式。例句：The book is of great value. The food has gone bad.The States is a developed country.2. 不定式、动名词、从句做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
2、What引导的主语从句做主语时，要根据表语。To see is to believe.It is necessary to read a lot.Losing the book was what made her very sad.What youve said is quite right.What they need are people to help them.2. 不定代词somebody, someone, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, something, anything, everything, n
3、othing作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：Hardly anyone knows the secret.Almost no one wants to be friends with him.Everything is ok now. Lets begin.Everybody knows that Taiwan is part of China.3. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数。例句：Reading and writing are very important. When we will do that and how we should do that have not been deci
4、ded yet.To say something and to do it are quite different things.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数The teacher and musician is ing here tomorrow.When and how we should do that hasnt been discussed.4. 在Eachand each, every and every, no and no.之后，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：Each boy and each girl was give
5、n a present.Every flower and every tree is to be cut down. 6.当主语有with, along with, together with, like, except, but, including, besides, rather than, as well as,in addition to 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He, as well as I, wants to go boati
6、ng. All the students but Tom were waiting there patiently. The headmaster, rather than the teachers, was very worried about that.Many people, like Mr. Wang, were living a hard life.意义一致1.集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team 等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集
7、体的整体。The family is very big. The family are discussing where to go for a holiday.但集合名词people, police, cattle, 等用复数形式。The police are looking into the matter.Cattle feed on grass. 2. None 和neither作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，也可用复数形式。若none of 后面的词为不可数名词，则谓语动词为单数形式。Neither of them is/are going to help her. None of t
8、he girls likes/like the school clothes.None of the money is mine. neither作定语，后跟单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式Neither book is of much value.3.代词some,rest, more, most, enough,all等词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由代词指代的词的单复数决定。Some of them were angry./ Some of the cloth was stolen. Most of the work has been finished./ Most of them dont
9、agree.More of the material is wanted./ More of the chairs are going to be sent there.4.a (large/small) number of/ the number of, books of this kind / this kind of book(s) 等中心词不一样，谓语动词也不一样。A number of people are going to be punished. The number of laid-off workers is ing down.Books of this kind are o
10、f great value.5. half of, a large/small quantity of, a lot of/lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。Half of the apple has gone bad. A small quantity of potatoes have been sold.6. many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。Many a person has read the novel.7. 分数、百分数作主语，根据其后的名词定谓语形式。Two thi
11、rds of the work has been finished. More than 60 percent of the students are from the city. 8. one of 其后有定语从句时，定语从句的谓语动词形式取决于one有没有修饰语。He was one of the teachers who were invited to the meeting.He was the only one of the teachers who was invited to the meeting.9.表示金钱，时间，距离、长度、体积、面积、重量、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时
12、，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。10. No后可跟单数或复数名词，动词取决于其后的名词。No teachers are willing to do that.No magazine is allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.11. 在四则运算中，谓语动词常用单数，也可用复数。Two and two is/are four.12. 定冠词加形容词表一类人作主语，谓语动词常用复数。The young sometimes think differently from the old.The rich are being richer
13、and the poor are being poorer.13.定冠词加形容词表一类事物作主语，谓语动词常用单数。The impossible is often the untried.The beauty is hers.就近原则1. 当there/here be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. Here is the book you want.2. 当not onlybut also; notbut; or; either or;neither nor
14、; not onlybut;as well连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 Either you or she is to go. 在疑问句中，与前面的一致。Is either he or you a teacher 代词一致 1. 不定代词somebody, someone, anyone,anybody,everyone, everybody, no one, nobody作主语，其相应的代词常用he, him, himself, 在非正式英语中, 可用they, them, themselves, 有时也用he/she的相应形式。 Everybody looked aft
15、er himself/themselves. 2. something, anything, everything, nothing作主语，代词用it. Everything is ready, isnt it 3. Each作主语指人，代词用he/him等，指物时，用it。 Each of us is responsible for his own family. 4. 当代词的所指对象为列结构时，根据所指，用相应的代词形式。 She likes bread and butter, but it is not healthy food. I bought bread and butter at the shop yesterday, and they cost two pounds.以-s结尾的名词或词组作主语表示学科名称的词如physics, maths, economics, politics等，复数形式的国家名称、城市名称、疾病名称、游戏名词以及报纸、书名或其他机构名称作主语，谓语用单数形式。 The United Nations was first founded in 1945. The Nethe
