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1、模块8第2单元语法突破同位语和同位语从句山东 刘永科用另外一个词语去解释或说明前一个词语的句子成分，叫作同位语。如果对前面名词作进一步解释或说明的成分是一个句子，就叫作同位语从句。例如：My friend, Tom, is going to London next week. (Tom是My friend的同位语)The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole city. (that they had won the game是The news的同位语从句)同位语从句的引导词基本和其他名词性从句一样：(1) 从属连词
2、that, whether (2) 连接代词who,whom, which, what (3)连接副词when, where, how, why现在，结合课本例句重点讲解同位语从句。【课文原句】The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. (P 12)【语法解析】从句子意思看，“多莉羊看起来发育正常”是“事实”的具体内容，是解释说明这个“事实”的。因此，that she seemed to develop normally是the fact的同位语从句。由that引导的同位语从句还有：Dolly the s
3、heep became a scientific breakthrough when the news that she had been born was announced in 1997.However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.【课文原句】There is also a fierce debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed. (P 14)【
4、语法解析】根据意思，whether human cloning experiments should be allowed是the question的同位语从句。一般说来，像question这样的词语，其同位语也必定具有疑问的含义，所以引导词不会是that，只能是whether, what, who, where, when, how等词。又如：The question, whether we need it, has not been considered.I have no idea what has happened to her.Nobody can explain the myste
5、ry why he suddenly disappeared.【注意事项】1. 同位语从句经常和fact, news, hope, truth, idea, doubt, suggestion, thought, promise, order, story, problem, question, belief, word, message, information, proof, announcement, desire, answer, proposal, advice, condition, mystery, assumption等名词连用。2. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
6、(请看“你问我答”)3. 同位语从句有时和被它说明的句词分离。如：An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.4. 有时为了照顾句子匀称，可以把含有同位语从句的句子倒装。结构为：副词 + 不及物动词 + 主语 + 同位语从句。如：Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. (P 12)Next comes the question what step we should take.5. 一些表示“建议(sugges
7、tion)，命令(order)，要求(request)”的名词后所跟的同位语从句，谓语动词用should +动词原形表示。如：He made a suggestion that the meeting should be put off till Friday.模块8第2单元语法高考链接山东 刘永科【高考真题】1. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others. (2006 上海春) A. which B. that C. when D. why【语法解析】B. 从句子意思看
8、，Doris的成功在于这个事实：she is cooperative and eager to learn from others. 一般来说，fact的同位语从句一定是一个陈述句，要用that引导。【考题预测】 The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised all of us. A. that B. why C. which D. when Tom was not aware of the fact _ he had made a very serious mistake in his writing. A. wh
9、y B. how C. what D. that【高考真题】2. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005 辽宁) A. that B. what C. as D. which【语法解析】B. 英语中have idea意思是“是否知道”，一般用于疑问或否定两种形式。idea后面的句子一般是同位语从句，引导词往往是一个含有疑问的连词，如what, who, where等。从意思来看，本句中的同位语应该是个特殊疑问句: what is going on【考题预测】 Do you have any idea
10、 _ he was so rude to her in the public? A. that B. why C. what D. which I have no idea _ they will arrive here in time, for the train has often been late recently. A. whether B. that C. how D. why【高考真题】3. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. (2005 广东) A. w
11、hich B. what C. that D. whether【语法解析】C. doubt之后的同位语从句，其引导词有时用that，有时用疑问连词引导。因为doubt表示“怀疑，疑惑”的意思，就是说，当它前面有否定词时，即“没有疑问，毫无疑问”，它的同位语从句就用that引导。反之，就用疑问连词引导。【考题预测】 There is no doubt _ the earth is becoming warmer.Do you know why? A. whether B. why C. how D. that I still have some doubt _ they will agree w
12、ith me though I have tried to persude them to do it. A. whether B. that C. why D. how【高考真题】4. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. (2005 浙江) A. who B. that C. as D. which【语法解析】B. word表示“消息”含义时，不加任何冠词。其同位语从句往往是陈述的内容，所以引导词多为that. 此外，word 还表示“诺言”，与promise意思相同。【考题预测】
13、 Word came _ the womens volleyball team had won the championship. A. that B. which C. when D. how I give you my word _ I will return the book as soon as possible. A. which B. why C. where D. that【高考真题】5. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (2004 上海)A. whi
14、ch B. that C. what D. whether【语法解析】B. promise是“许诺，诺言”，它的同位语从句一般用that引导一个陈述事实。【考题预测】 I made a promise _ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. A. which B. what C. that D. X Remember to carry out your promise _ you will succeed this time no matter what difficulties you meet. A. that B. which C. when D. what模块8第2单元你问我答山东 刘永科【问】We were pleased at the news that Tom had brought us. We were pleased at the news that Tom had passed the examination.有人说，that Tom h
