《独立主格用法详解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《独立主格用法详解（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 .wd.独立主格用法详解一、独立主格构造的特点独立主格构造是一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：(1)独立主格构造的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。(2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。(3)独立主格构造一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。二、独立主格构造的形式英语中，独立主格构造的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格构造。1.名词 / 代词 + 不定式。如：A house to be built, we must
2、 save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分人民币。Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。2.名词 / 代词 + -ing分词。如：The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。3.名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词。如：His cup broken, he use
3、d his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。4.名词 / 代词 + 形容词。如：The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。5.名词 / 代词 + 副词。如：The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。6.名词 / 代词 + 介词短语。如(from yygrammar )：Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。三、独立主格构造的句法功能独立主格构造在句
4、子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。1.作时间状语School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式完毕后，比赛开场了。2.作条件状语It being fine tomorrow, well go boating. 如果明天天气好的话，我们就去划船。Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾来的话，就没有必要叫吴东了。3.作原因状语The meeting being put off, we n
5、eednt hurry. 由于会议推迟了，我们就没有必要匆忙了。Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead. 李教师病了，杨教师将代他来给我们上这堂课。4.作伴随状语Mr. Li comes here,a book in his hand. 李先生手里拿着书过来了。A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us. 她面带微笑问道我们要什么。使用独立主格构造的几点注意1.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格构
6、造取代状语从句，但不再保存连词。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了教室。2.不能省略being (having been)的情形在以下两种情况下，独立主格构造中的being或having been不能省略：(1)独立主格构造的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2)在There being名词的构造中。如：There being no
7、 bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。3.独立主格构造没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.主编来了，我们开场开会。比较动名词复合构造：The chief-editors arriving made us very surprised.4.独立主格的时态问题独立主格构造作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如：The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后，
8、音乐会开场了。Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。英语独立主格构造常见类型独立主格类型1：名词代词+现在分词The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.明天假设天气好，我们就进展比赛。The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off.班
9、长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。独立主格类型2：名词代词+过去分词The job finished, we went home.工作完毕后我们就回家了。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。More time given, we should have done the job much better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。独立主格类型3：名词代词+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting ti
10、ll next week.如果明天没有人来，我们将把会议推迟到下周。So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。独立主格类型4：名词代词+介词短语The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand.士兵们端着枪冲了进来。A girl came in, book in hand.一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。He was waiting, his eyes on her back.他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。独立主格类型5：名词代词+形容词或副词He sat in the fron
11、t row, his mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半开着。She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter.她坐在桌前，衣领已解掉，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开场写一封长信。独立主格类型6：There being +名词代词There being nothing else to do, we went home.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。There being no further business, I declare the
12、meeting closed.没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。独立主格类型7：It being +名词代词It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。比较：独立主格构造与 with 合构造。如：Dont sleep with the windows open.别开着窗睡觉。He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站
13、在教师面前。He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。She came inwith a book in her hand.她手里拿着一本书走了进来。He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了。I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。He sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。All the afternoon he worked wit
14、h the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。I cant go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。独立主格构造考题小练1.I have a lot of books, half of _ novels.A. whichB.thatC.whomD.them2._ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.A. becauseB.asC.WithD.Since3.The bus was crow
15、ded with passengers going home from market, most of _ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.A. themB.whoC.whomD.which4.The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of _ over 600 years old.A. whichB.thatC.themD.it5.The cave _ very dark, he lit some candles _ light.A. was; givenB.was; to giveC.being; givenD.being; to give6.The soldier rushed into the cave, h
