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1、 能指论文：索绪尔符号理论在英语词汇教与学中的应用【中文摘要】自从人类文明诞生的一刻起,关于符号本质的讨论就从来没有停息过。符号的内部构成到底是怎样的?这个问题吸引了许许多多伟大的哲学家、语言学家,然而他们的讨论最终似乎都没有形成一个完整的系统,直到语言学家索绪尔编写了语言学教程一书,这本书的出版最终将这些关于语言本质的讨论汇成了一门独立的学科。关于语言的本质,很多著名学者提出过他们的见解。其中,最为著名的要数索绪尔的二分法和皮尔斯的三分法。词汇学习在外语学习中起到了非常重要的作用。因此,许多关于词汇教学的研究和实验不断展开,试图寻找到更加有效、实用的方法来帮助语言学习者更好、更快地记忆单词。
2、本论文试图将索绪尔的符号理论及语言价值理论应用于日常词汇教学中以寻找一个简单可行且有效的单词记忆方法。索绪尔革命性地提出了语言符号的本质是一个两面实体:一个符号由音响形象和概念组成。为了避免多数人将单纯的音响形象看做是符号的错误观点,索绪尔特意提出用能指和所指分别代替音响形象和概念。他强调,能治和所指是一个符号的必须组成部分,没有无意义的音响形象,也没有无音响表现的意义。只有能指和所指的结合才是符号,一方的出现必然会、也应该引起对另一方的联想。索绪尔理论中另一个重要的理论是,在论述共时语言学时提出的语言价值理论,这是理解索绪尔理论必不可少的另一要点。索绪尔认为,价值,是意义的一个要素。语言是一
3、个系统,它的各项要素的价值都只是因为有其他各项要素同时存在的结果。而概念(意义),作为与音响形象相对应的符号组成部分,只起到将该符号区别于其他符号的作用。由此,本文自然对词汇学习做出这样的解释:英语学习者无法高效记忆单词的原因之一是:过于简练的中英单词对应模式和机械的单词记忆方式仅在英文的能指与汉语能指间建立起了联系,这种联系必然比能指与所指间建立起的联系脆弱且不实用。基于索绪尔的符号模型、语言价值理论和近些年来备受关注的认知科学支持,论文里提出了下列假设:当学习者有意或是无意地意识到概念的存在时,可以使英语能指和中文所指间的联系更为自然的建立起来。在单词学习的初期,如果学生学习的是单词的价值
4、,而不是单纯的概念,将更有益于建立持久、实用的联系。合适的语境会加强能指与所指间的联系。论文共分为五部分。第一章是引言,介绍了本研究选题的背景、以及意义。第二章回顾了索绪尔的符号理论,重点集中在索绪尔对语言本质的理解和对语言价值的论述,另外还包括了后人对索绪尔理论的讨论和发展。在第三章中,主要假设被提出。其他有关实验的信息,如实验,被试介绍,实验过程等也一一列举。第四章集中分析实验所得数据,并根据数据得出结论。第五章,总结全文。【英文摘要】The discussions about the nature of signs had never stopped since the day huma
5、n civilization was born. In spite of the attention from many great philosophers and linguists, the discussions had not found an accordant direction until the day Saussure finally guided the discussions to the way to an independent discipline.About the nature of sign, many great scholars put forward
6、their own understandings, among which the most famous ones are Saussures dyadic model and Pierces triadic model.It is very important for a foreign language learner to acquire enough vocabulary knowledge. Because of its importance, many studies had been carried out to find more efficient and workable
7、 methods to help students learn new words faster are carried out. The paper tries to find such a method by applying Saussures theory of sign and linguistic value theory into the practical English vocabulary teaching and learning.Saussure revolutionarily proposes that the linguistic sign should be a
8、two-sided entity in nature. And he uses signifier and signified as the linguistic terms for sound-image and concept respectively. He emphasizes that signifier and signified actually exist as the components of a sign, and in no case can either of them appear alone. The appearance of one should defini
9、tely call for the appearance of the other. Only the combination of both of them can be called a sign. A single sound-image is completely meaningless unless it carries a corresponding concept, vise versa. It is impossible to find a totally formless signified either.Another important theory put forwar
10、d by Saussure as a part of synchronic linguistics is Linguistic value. It is the last thing that can be missed if anyone wants to have an accurate account of Saussures theory of sign. Saussure believes that the value of a sign works when it has other simultaneous presence of the other signs. But con
11、cept, is just an abstract component of a sign whose task is to work together with its counterpart, sound-image, to differentiate the sign that carries them from the other ones.So, the paper assumes that one of the reasons that some of the students can not memorize English vocabulary efficiently is t
12、hat oversimplified English-Chinese vocabulary list and mechanical learning mode make student link merely English signifier (sound-image) and Chinese signified (sound-image), therefore makes the connection very vulnerable and unserviceable.Based on the Saussures sign model and language value theory a
13、nd the supports from cognitive science, the following hypotheses are put forward:Conscious or unconscious awareness of the existence of concept in the learners mind can make the establishment of the connection between English sound-image and Chinese concept more natural.At the first stage of learnin
14、g a word, if the students learn the value of a word, instead of the concept, it will make the connection more durable and workable.A proper context can strengthen the connection between sound-image and value (or a concept. The concept shows here because for some proper nouns, their value is almost e
15、qual to their concept in the nature).In a word, this paper tries to explore a possible access to an effective and easy way of acquiring English words according to Saussures sign theory and hopes just in case that the forthcoming results could be a positive support for Saussures theory.The paper cons
16、ists of five chapters. It begins with an introductive chapter including general theoretical background, aim and significance of the study. Chapter Two is an overall review of basic sign theory of Saussure with focus on the nature of sign and linguistic value theory. Besides, further discussions and development about Saussures theory are also included in this part. Chapter Three plays a vital role in the whole paper,
