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1、第二部分第二部分 基础语法突破基础语法突破专题六谓语动词技巧一依据时间状语定时态动词的时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是动词时态的最直接的决定因素。【示例1】Silk _(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 B.C.解析：句意：到大约公元前 100 年，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。题干中有表示过去的时间状语“about 100 BC.”，且当时间状语由介词by(不迟于，不晚于)引导时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，谓语动词应用过去完成时
2、。答案：had become【示例2】In the last few years,China _(make)great achievements in environmental protection.解析：题干中的时间状语是“In the last few years”，表示动作“从过去一直到现在”，故所填词应用现在完成时。答案：has made技巧二依据动词定时态当题干中没有时间状语，或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时，动词的时态由其依据动词来决定。【示例3】The real reason why prices _(be),and still are,too high i
3、s complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.解析：题干中没有时间状语，由参照动词“are”和“is”及句意可以推断出所填动词陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。答案：were【示例4】Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people guessed that he _(be)a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.解析：题干中虽然有时间状语“in 1879”
4、，但这并非所填动词的动作发生的时间。由“As a child”可知，所填词的参照时间是过去，而他成为一位著名的科学家不是在他“是个小孩子”时，而是以后的事，即将来，所以所填词应用过去将来时。答案：was going to be技巧三 依据句意或语境定时态当题干中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填动词的时态时，所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。【示例5】Is Peter coming?No,he _(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.解析：题干中虽然有时间状语“at the la
5、st minute”和参照动词“is”，但它们都不能准确定位所填动词的动作发生的时间，因此所填词的时态由句意或语境来决定。句意：彼得要来吗？不，当接到一个电话后，他在最后时刻改变了主意。由此可知，所填词的动作发生在过去，陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。答案：changed【示例6】When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I _(not see)for years.解析：句意：走在街上的时候，我偶然遇到了多年未见的戴维。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词；主语I与动词see之间是主动关系，故应使用主动语态，且“多年未见”
6、这一动作发生在“偶然遇到”之前，即“过去的过去”，故使用过去完成时。答案：hadnt seen技巧四依据固定句式定时态英语中有一些句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这类句式，应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。1It is the first/second/.time that sb.has/have done.2It was the first/second/.time that sb.had done.3Sb.was/were doing sth.when.did.4Hardly/Scarcely had sb.done sth.when.did.5Sb.be about to do sth.
7、when.did.6Its(high)time that sb.did sth./should do sth.【示例7】It is the first time that I _(be)to Beijing.解析：句意：这是我第一次去北京。提示词为be动词，考虑设空处在从句中作谓语，并考虑时态和语态；再根据固定句式“It is the first time that sb.has/have done.”确定使用现在完成时。答案：have been技巧五依据主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系确定动词的语态被动语态中的主谓部分除了明显的被动关系外，还有特殊用法，如主动形式表被动意义。除此之外，还要考虑主谓一
8、致问题。【示例8】Later，Nelson _(award)the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work.解析：句意：后来纳尔逊被授予总统自由勋章，以表彰他的工作。句中的时间状语Later表明这里叙述的是过去的动作，提示此处应用一般过去时；Nelson与award为动宾关系，应用被动语态；且主语为Nelson，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填was awarded。答案：was awarded.用括号内单词的正确形式填空1Hurry up！Mark and Carol_(expect)us.2Jim_(watch)a
9、 late night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank.3I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im sorry.But I_(do)my home work.4This was the first time I_(experience)sandstorms and I dont ever want to be in one again.5Doctors a
10、nd scientists_(learn)a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.6Tony，why are your eyes red?I_(cut)up peppers for the last five minutes.7When Alice came to life，she did not know how long she_(lie)there.8This medicine_(taste)terrible.I hate it.9As a foreigner，I_(absorb)and charmed by the genui
11、ne warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip.10John，as well as the other children who have no parents _(take)good care of in the city now.1.are expecting考查时态。根据句意“快点马克和卡罗尔在等着我们”可知空处用现在进行时，故填are expecting。2was watching考查时态。句意：吉姆正在家看一部深夜电影，就在一场惊险的场面中，突然电视一片空白。本句考查“be doing sth when.”结构，故填wa
12、s watching。3was doing考查时态。根据句意“我不明白你昨天下午为什么没有去听讲座”。“对不起，当时我在做家庭作业”可知空处用过去进行时，故填was doing。4had experienced考查时态。句意：这是我第一次经历沙尘暴，我再也不想经历第二次。本句考查“this/that/it was the序数词that sb.had done”句式，意思为“某人第几次做某事”，故填had experienced。5have learned考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，医生和科学家们学到了很多关于睡眠的知识。时间状语“in the last thirty years”要与现在
13、完成时连用，故填have learned。6have been cutting考查时态。for the last five minutes与延续性动词连用；又根据句意“托尼，你的眼睛怎么变红了？我在过去的五分钟里一直在切辣椒。”可知空处要用现在完成进行时，故填have been cutting。7has been lying考查时态。根据句意“当爱丽丝醒来的时候，她不知道自己在那里躺多久了。”可知“躺”这个动作从过去延续到现在，刚刚结束，符合现在完成进行时的定义，故填has been lying。8tastes考查时态。根据句意“这药很难吃，我不喜欢”可知本句描述的是事物的客观特点，需用一般现
14、在时，故填tastes。9was absorbed考查时态和语态。根据句意“作为一个外国人，我被旅途中真正温暖的欢迎和独特的文化深深地吸引”可知空处应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was absorbed。10is being taken考查时态和语态。空处是谓语动词，单数形式与John保持一致；又根据句意“约翰和其他没有父母的孩子现在正在城里被很好地照顾着。”可知用现在进行时的被动语态，故填is being taken。.语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dad quit drinking exactly one year before I was born.He jo
15、ined a group of other people.He said they 1._(stop)drinking,too.I loved my dad 2._ I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away from me.It seemed that they were more important to him than I was.But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad 3._(make)an exception.I begged him not to miss it but 4.
16、_(refuse).He said,“I am chairing the meeting this Saturday.We 5._(have)your party on Sunday.Why not come with me together tonight?Its an open meeting.All 6._(be)welcome.”I agreed.Maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.After we arrived,Dad announced 7._ theme of the meeting was going to be gratitude.He told his story about giving up smoking.8._(late),a man called Dave also told his story.Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life 9._ drinking.Showing up w
