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1、A Psychoanalysis of Eugene ONeills Long Days Journey into NightGao+Shufang【Abstract】EugeneoneilsLongDaysJourneyintoNightpresentsaprobingpsychologicalstudyofafamilyincrisis.Thefamilyfindsitselfinthemidstofacollectivetrauma：ashareddesireforthepast.TheTyronesconstantlyrepressanddefensetheirdesires，whic
2、hconstitutethefamilysdysfunctionalrelationships.WiththepsychoanalytictheoryofWalterDavis，itdemonstrateshowtheTyronesfamilytrapsthemselvesintoanintricatewebofconflictsbecauseofthe“doubleprocessofdesireitselfandsimultaneouslyoffersolutionsaccordingtooneilsownunderstandingofthefamilytragedy.【Keywords】d
3、esires；repressionanddefense；dysfunctionalfamilyI.IntroductionEugeneoneillestablishedhisreputationasamilestoneinAmericanTheaterbyhiswide-scopedinnovativeexplorationinartisticcreationandhisdeepconcernforthetragicpredicamentofhumanity.oneillsautobiographicalmasterpieceLongDaysJourneyintoNightconsummate
4、shisartisticstyleoftragedywithapsychologicalcomplexityinhisportrayalofamodernfamilyandindividualtragedy.Thisplaymainlyexposestheconflictedandpainfulrelationshipsofafamilyincrisis，tellingonedayhappenedamongthefourcalamity-strickenTyrones.Theynostalgicallyattempttorepresstheirdesiresbutparadoxicallyin
5、tensifythecollectiveexperienceoflossandgenerateafrenzyofdefensiveinteractionsbetweenfamilymembers.II.ACollectiveDesireforthePastAccordingtoWalterDavistheoryofthedramaofsubjectivity，desire，asourfirstexperientialexperienceinthefaceofaprimarylosswesuffer，isthebirthofself-awarenessandthebasisofthisrelat
6、ionship：“Asthefirstformofself-consciousness，desirereveals，inawaythatknowingcouldnot，theimmediacyofconsciousnessrelationshipbothtoitselfandtotheworldDavis，1989：26.Theexperienceoflossunderliesourimmediacyofconsciousnessabouttheworld.Anddesiredefinesourdramaticresponsetoourexperienceofloss.TheTyronefam
7、ilyinoneilsLongDaysJourneyintoNighthasasharedsenseoflosssothatallofthefamilymemberspossessacollectivedesiretoarresttheirpasts.Theyprojecttheirpastintotheirpresentfamilyrelationships.TostartwithMary，shelongsforherconvertdayswhenshehadMotherElizabethsapproval；shedesirestoobtainthesalvationofherpresent
8、disastrousfamilyrelationshipsthroughhernostalgiafortheBlessedVirgin，heryouthhoperepresentingthestabilityandastateofgracesheonceattained.Shewontletgoofherpast，sothatshetriestoleavethepresentwiththedegradationintomorphineaddiction.Shepatheticallyyettenderlyspeaksofsomethingshehaslostforever，walkingint
9、othefogofherpast.Itillustratesthatherrelationshiptothepresentinvolvesregret，denial，andloss.Herveryinwardnessisrootedinherpast.endprintJamesmournsan“aestheticloss.Becauseofthehauntingill-fatedchildhoodandtheresponsibilityofsupportinghispoverty-strickenfamily，Jamesbecomeobsessedwithmoneyandkeepsaccumu
10、latingwealthatthecostofhisartisticdream.Hehasprostitutedhistalentasaclassicalactorfortheillusionofmaterialsuccess.Hisalcoholaddictionperpetuateshisregretoverhistakingapartinaplaywherinhebecametypecast；neverthelesshecouldhavebeenagreatShakespeareactor.Inhislife，theabsurdappearsinthecaparisonbetweenth
11、eactorhemighthavebeenandthematerialsuccesshedesires：“ThatGod-damnedplayIboughtforasongandmadesuchagreatsuccessinagreatmoneysuccessitruinedmewiththepromiseofaneasyfortuneWhatthehellwasitIwantedtobuy，Iwonder，thatwasworthwell，nomatter.Itsalatedayforregrets.ONeil，1955：149Jamiealsodrinkstosavorhispast.As
12、forJamie，althoughhenevermentionsit，thedeathofEugeneweighsonhisconsciencebecauseinhisdeepheartheknowshemightdoitunconsciouslytowinhismotherslove.However，hedoesntconstantlymournhispastorangrilyregretitashismotherandfather；insteadhemakesthepresentthepastbydenyinghimselfwithinit.AccordingtoDennisJ.Rich，
13、Jamieslossis“psychologicalRich，1979：259.Edmund，alsoanalcoholic，speaksofrecapturingthepoeticmomentecstaticfreedom，thusidealizinghispastasasailor.Heisthesickchildofthefamilywhosesicknessdeniesthepresent.Edmundistheonewhoexperiencesthemostcrisisoftheabsurd.Herealizesthatlifeis“damnedcrazyONeil，1955：151
14、，andatonepointheeventriestokillhimself.Butinthefinalmomentsofinsightandunderstanding，herebelsagainstdeathandtheabsurd，anddecidestogoforthatsanatoriumforcure.EdmundistheautobiographicalfigureofEugeneoneilhimself.Althoughthedisasterofthepastalsohangsonhim，heeventuallyresortstoloveandforgivenesstogiveh
15、opesandwishestothissympatheticfamily.AllthefamilymembersoftheTyronesshareacommondesiretorecreatetheirpasts.ItisimportanttonotethatLongDaysJourneyintoNightisnotonlyajourneyforwardintime，butalsoajourneybackintothepastlivesofallthecharacters，whocontinuallydipbackintotheiroldlifestyles.Whatmakesitworsei
16、sthateveryfamilymember，insteadoffreeingtheirdesires，constantlydeniesanddefensesthem，whichinturnsustainstheoldonesandcreatesnewonesthatexacerbatethefamilytragedy.endprintIII.DesireasRepressionandDefenseDavistheoryofdramaticpsychoanalyticsubjectprovidesacontexttounderstandthecomplexprocessofourdesiresandemphasizethe“doublemovementofourlivedrelationshiptoourdesires.Hedefinesthekeyactivitiesofthe“doublemovementofdesireasrepressionanddefense.Repressionisou
