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1、机械设计中英文名词对照目录1. 机构学 2. 极限与配合 3. 疲劳强度 4. 可靠性5. 振动与冲击 6. 摩擦学 7. 螺纹连接 8. 轴上零件9. 键连接 10. 销钉连接 11. 联轴器 12. 离合器13. 制动器 14. 滑动轴承 15. 滚动轴承 16. 弹簧17. 传动一般 18. 齿轮传动 19. 传动装置 20. 锥齿轮传动21. 谐波传动 22. 蜗杆传动 23. 带传动 24. 链传动25. 其他零件1机构学机构学 theory of mechanisms机构mechanism机器machine机械machinery构件link主动件driving link 从动件dr
2、iven运动副kinematic pair铰链连接hinge, pilot pin joint复合铰链compound hinges, multiple hinges运动链kinematic chain低副lower pair高副higher pair自由度degree of freedom虚约束redundant constraint, passive constraint机构简图schematic diagram of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic diagram of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构运动学kinematics
3、 of mechanism速比velocity ratio of link 传动比transmission ratio速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocity机械动力学dynamics of machinery驱动力driving force扰动力perturbed force工作阻力effective resistance静载荷static load 动载荷dynamic load离心力centrifugal force作用力active force, applied force反作用力reaction等效力equivalent force 力矩moment力
4、偶couple力偶矩moment of couple力平衡equilibrium扭矩torque, torsional moment等效力矩equivalent moment效率efficiency等效构件equivalent link等效质量equivalent mass转动惯量moment of inertia惯性积product of inertia极转动惯量 polar moment of inertia回转半径radius of gyration飞轮flywheel调速器governor, speed regulator转子的静平衡static balance of rotor转子的
5、动平衡dynamic balance of rotor平衡质量balancing mass质径积mass-radius product连续系统continuous system离散系统discrete system变质量系统variable mass system连杆机构linkage mechanism连架杆side link曲柄crank连杆coupler, floating link摇杆rocker滑块slider导杆guide bar, guide link四杆机构four-bar mechanism曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider- c
6、rank mechanism平面铰链四杆机构planar pivot four-bar mechanism球面铰链四杆机构spherical pivot four-bar mechanism对心曲柄滑块机构centric slider-crank mechanism偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider-crank mechanism偏心轮机构eccentric mechanism急回运动机构quick-return mechanism行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation, advance- to-return time ratio凸轮
7、cam盘形凸轮plate cam, disk cam移动凸轮translating cam凸轮从动件cam follower 直动从动件translating follower凸轮理论轮廓cam pitch curve凸轮工作轮廓cam contour, cam profile回程return travel推程rise travel回程运动角motion angle for return travel推程运动角motion angle for rise travel近休止角nearest dwell angle远休止角farthest dwell angle等速运动轨迹constant vel
8、ocity motion curve余弦加速度运动轨迹cosine acceleration motion curve正弦加速度运动轨迹sine acceleration motion curve螺旋机构crew mechanism差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism自锁机构self-locking mechanism间歇运动机构intermittent mechanism步进机构step mechanism不完全齿轮机构incomplete gear mechanism非圆齿轮机构non-circular gear mechanism槽轮机构geneva me
9、chanism棘爪pawl棘轮ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism擒纵机构escapement差动机构differential mechanism瞬心线机构centrode mechanism2极限与配合尺寸偏差deviation 基本尺寸basic size极限尺寸limits of size 上偏差upper deviation实际尺寸actual size下偏差lower deviation最大极限尺寸maximum limits of size 最小极限尺寸minimum limits of size 间隙配合clearance fit过盈配合interferenc
10、e fit过渡配合transition fit公差带tolerance zone基孔制hole basic system基轴制shaft basic system 3疲劳强度高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue接触疲劳contact fatigue 循环载荷cyclic loading 随机载荷random loading 恒幅载荷constant loading变幅载荷variable amplitude loading最大应力maximum stress最小应力minimum stress平均应力mean stress应力幅stress a
11、mplitude循环特性stress ratio脉动循环pulsation cycle对称循环symmetry cycle疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳极限fatigue limit应力集中stress concentration有效应力集中系数effective stress concentration factor无限寿命设计infinite life design有限寿命设计finite life design尺寸系数size factor 表面加工系数surface machining factor疲劳积累损伤cumulative fatigue damage载荷谱loa
12、ding spectrum断裂力学fracture mechanics 4可靠性可靠性reliability失效failure浴盆曲线bathtub curve 故障fault概率密度函数probability density function 5振动与冲击振动vibration周期振动periodic vibration简谐振动simple harmonic vibration随机振动random vibration噪声noise瞬态振动transient vibration稳态振动steady-state vibration受迫振动forced vibration纵向振动longitudi
13、nal vibration弯曲振动bending vibration扭转振动torsional vibration自激振动self-excited vibration非线性振动non-linear vibration振动模态modal of vibration共振resonance振型mode shape耦合振型coupled modes共振频率resonance frequency阻尼damping冲击shock冲击脉冲shock pulse机械冲击mechanical shock冲击波shock wave冲击响应谱shock response spectrum 冲击响应谱shock spectrum 6摩擦学摩擦学tribology摩擦friction磨损wear润滑lubrication摩擦系数friction coefficient当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of
