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1、定语从句用法总结 (2)定语从句用法总结一 .定义：定语由一个句子来充任，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此中划线部分为定语从句。二 .分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。eg: 1.This is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定语从句）2.The weather turned out to be very good,whic
2、h was more than we could expect.（非限制性定语从句）3.The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. （ 间隔性定语从句）注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的差别限制性定语从句无逗号分开、不行缺乏、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号分开、无关紧要、起增补说明作用。三 . 组成：定语从句有 先行词、指引词和从句 组成。先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。指引词是用来指引定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。eg: The old town has narro
3、w streets and small houses that are built close to each other.此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses,指引词为： that，定语从句为：that are built close to each other四基来源则定语从句中不可以出现与先行词在乎义上相一致的词Eg.This is the book that I like it best .(it与 book 指同一物，因此要去掉。)五定语从句中常有考点：考点一 .关系代词和关系副词的鉴别1. 关系代词that（人、物）， which（物）、
4、who(m) （人）、whose（某人的，某物的） 、 as2. 关系副词 when（表时间）、 where（表地址）、 why（表原由）注：关系副词可变成“介词 +关系代词”构造（即：关系副词=介词 +关系代词） 。eg:This is the mountain village where(=in which)I stayed last month.3. 如何选择正确的关系代词或关系副词方法一：找出先行词和定语从句中动词，看定从中动词与先行词可否组成习惯搭配。能，用关系代词；不可以，用关系副词 .Eg.I will never forget the daythat I spent with
5、my parents.( 定从中动词spent 与先行词the day 组成 spent the day ,因此用关系代词that 或 which 或省略 )方法二：找出先行词和定语从句，看定语从句能否缺乏主语、宾语或表语，如缺乏，用关系代词。如不缺乏，定语从句所表达意思相对完好，用关系副词。eg: .This is the factory _ made cars . ( 缺乏主语，因此用关系代词that或 which，作主语不可以省略) .This is the reason _ he was late for school.( 定语从句 he was late for school 表达意
6、思相对完好，因此用关系副词why 或介词 +关系代词for which)注意：当先行词为case、position、point、situation、society、activity 等抽象意义的名词时，常用关系副词where 指引定语从句.eg:He got himself into a dangerous situation where hemay lose control of the plane .考点二 . 定从中 that 与 which 的差别1. 关系代词只用 that 的状况。（ 1）当先行词为不定代词（ all、much、little 、 few、some、any、none、
7、one、something、anything、everything 等）或先行词被不定形容词（all、many 、some、few、little 等）修饰时。eg:Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？（ 2）当先行词既有人又有物时。eg:Do you know the things and persons that you are talking about.（ 3）当先行词含有序数词或最高等时。eg: This bus is the first that will go to Beijing. This is the
8、best movie that I have ever seen.（ 4）当先行词被 only、 very、 next、 last 等修饰时。eg:This is the very book that I m looking for.（ 5）在 who 或 which 引 的特别疑 句中。 eg:Which is the bike that you lost?（ 6）当关系代 在定 从句中作表 。eg:Zhengzhou is no longer the city that it used to be.2.关系代 只用which 的状况。（ 1）引 非限制性定 从句 。eg:He turned
9、 to be a very successful man,which was more than we expected.（ 2）在“介 +关系代 ” 构中，关系代 只用which。eg:This is the question about which they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.（ 3）当关系代 后有插入成分 。eg: Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.
10、3.指人 ，关系代 只用who(m) 的状况。（ 1）引 非限制性定 从句 。eg:She has a daughter,who is a doctor in the famous hospital.（ 2）当“介 +关系代 ( 格形式 )” 构引 定 从句 。eg: The gentleman about whom you told me proved to be a thief.（ 3）当关系代 后有插入成分 。eg:This is my friend who,I think,is the best in our class.（ 4）在 There be 句型 构中，先行 指人 。 eg:
11、There is a young lady who asks for you.考点三 ： as 的用法及as 与 which 的区 1. as 引 的定 从句（ 1） as 常用于固定搭配中： the same. . . as， suchas， as/so aseg:.Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city as everyone likes to visit.比较 ： Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city that everyone likes to visit it.注意 ：第一句是定语从句，因此定从中没有出现与先行词city
12、意义上一致的词，第二句是状语从句，that 后应为完好句子，因此it 不可以省略。 .Today I bought the same bike as Tom did last week .( 相同的但不是同一辆)比较 ： Today he wears the same coat that he did yesterday .（同一件衣服）（ 2） as 常用于固定句型中： as we all / everyboby know(s), ,as is often the case,as we expect等。eg:As we all know,Zhengzhou is an attractive
13、city.2.在非限制性定语从句中，as与 which 的差别指代整句话内容时，as 可位于主句前面、中间或后边；而which 一般位于主句后。另外， which 还可指代一个名词或一个短语。eg : As we all know,Tom is a good boy.： China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.： She doesnt think she is wrong,which makes her teacher angry.（ which 指代上文整个句子） .as 在句中有正如之意，而whi
14、ch 没有，eg: He succeeded this time,as had been expected. She has made great progress,which makes her parents very happy. As we all know,knowledge changes life.考点四 . 定从中所属关系的表达whose指引定语从句时一定和名词放在一同。whose+n(s)=the+n(s)+of which/whom=of +which/whom+the+n(s)eg:The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.= The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired.
