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1、通过英译汉中的增词法减词法复习汉译英增词法减词法I. What is OmissionOmission: Amplificationto leave out some unnecessary words.One of the differences in syntax between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording. What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or eve
2、n “a stumbling block” in the other.For the sake of succinctness, functional words in English such as the article, the preposition are usually omitted in translation.The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate than those of mechanical ones.电子表比机械表准确得多。He took off his coat an
3、d shoes. Then he put on his slippers，went to the sofa and began to watch TV. After a moment, he asked his wife to bring him a cup of tea.他脱了大衣和鞋子，然后穿上拖鞋，走到沙发前，开始看电视。过了一会儿，他叫妻子 给他端杯茶来。3） A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence. 邻居之间为了篱笆的高度惹起了一场争论。邻居为篱笆的高低有过争论。（思果，译道探微，中国
4、对外翻译出版公司，2002）II. Omission of pronoun1. 在英语中，代词充当主语的情况相当多。为了使译文前后的句子意思紧凑，避免重复 用词，汉语习惯采用无主句，其主语就是前面的代词。He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴，看上去痛苦不堪的样子（一副可怜相）He was well-favoured, bright, a good dancer, a fair shot and a fine tennis player. He was an asset at any party. He was lavis
5、h with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate, and though he entertained little, when he did it was with an originality that pleased. 他很聪明，舞跳得不错，枪打得也可以，网球也打得挺好，深得（女孩子）喜爱。他是 宴会中的宝贝儿，任意购买鲜花和高价巧克力送人。尽管他不大请客，请起来也别有一 番创意，让人开心不已。2. 英语中的泛指人称代词作主语时，常常可以省略，翻译成无主句。As you come into the room, youll noticpiean
6、ao. 一进房间门，就会看见一台钢琴。One can never be too careful in ones work.工作越仔细越好。Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win. 打得赢就打，打不赢就走。We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. 一周有七天，一天有 24 小时。1）The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in whathe longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已获取的，而
7、在于渴望获得什么样的东西。2) Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old. 知识是人到老年舒适而又必须的归宿。如果年轻时不种下知识之树，老年时就得不到树 阴的遮蔽。3) Even as the doctor was recommending rest, he knew that this in itse
8、lf was not enough, that one could never get real rest without a peaceful mind. 尽管医生建议休息，他也知道休息本身是不够的，如果心情不平静，是休息不好的。 4)We live and learn.活到老，学到老。3. 作宾语的代词,翻译时也可以省略.Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画摘下来扔掉。Gathering facts, confirming them, suggesting theories, testing them, and
9、organizing findings- this is all work of science.收集事实并加以论证，提出理论并加以检验，以及归纳整理研究成果这全都是科学 工作的内容。4. 物主代词在英语中出现的频率非常高，翻译时完全可以省略他们。So the train came, he pinched his little sister lovingly, and put his great arms about his mothers neck and then was away.火车来了，他爱抚地捏了一下小妹妹，用两条巨大的胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然后走 了。Halliday put
10、his pipe down, crossed his hands behind his neck, and turned his face towards the window.哈利德放下烟斗，两手交叉放在脖子后面，转过头去看窗户。Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short , showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, he
11、r nose straight.她的黑发蓬松地飘拂在宽宽的前额，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出亮亮的牙齿； 眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。5. “It” 作代词时，也常常可以省略。It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone shareit. 说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。Outsideit was pitch dark andit was raining cats and dogs. 外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。Be a place what it may, one gets to like it
12、, if one lives long init. 无论怎样的地方，要是住得久了，总会渐渐喜欢起那地方的。“It” 用于强调句中，没有实际意义，也要省略。It is only shallow people who judge by appearances. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。It was only then I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told. 只是那时我才开始怀疑我的经历究竟能不能公之于众。It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his
13、own home. 他费了不少劲才找到家。III. Omission of conjunction 英语重形合，词与词，短语之间，句子之间的关系，主要通过连词表达；而汉语重意合， 词与词之间靠顺序体现，句子之间的关系也往往通过句序体现。翻译时，可以根据实际 情况省略连词。He did not sleep much, but when he did he dreamed of beautiful princesses, splendid castles, and gold and silver. 他没睡多久，要是一入睡便梦到如花似玉的公主，梦到富丽堂皇的城堡，梦到黄金，梦 到白银。（杨莉藜英汉互
14、译教程河南大学出版社）He was lazy, peevish, and a bon-vivant; the appearance of a lady frightened him beyond measure; hence it was but seldom that he joined the paternal circle in Russell Square, where there was plenty of gaiety, and where the jokes of his good-natured old father frightened his amour-propre（se
15、lf-esteem）. 他生性懒惰，脾气浮躁，又爱吃，又爱喝，一看见女人就吓得半死。勒塞尔广场家里人 多热闹；他的父亲性情随和，很爱开玩笑，说的话常常扫他的面子，害得他不敢多回老 家。（杨莉藜英汉互译教程河南大学出版社）It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in May. I was delighted when, as a result of the effort of your company, it proved possible
16、 to reinstate the visit so quickly. 原打算五月份访华，后不得不推迟，深感失望。由于贵公司的努力，访问这么快得以重 新安排，非常高兴。把汉语翻译成英语或写作时，注意形合和意合，还有就是有无主语： McCrum （in 周志培， 2003：380）举了一个新加坡华人写的英语句子 ：“Yes Madam, quite big family! eight children, six sons, two daughters. Big family! Ha! Ha! No good. Madam. In those days, where got family planning in Singapore. （哪里有计划生育） If winter comes, can spring be far behind?（Shelly, O
