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1、 探讨施工振捣不密实导致混凝土渗水问题引起裂缝有两大类原因，一种由外荷载（如静、动荷载）的直接应力和结构次应力引起的裂缝；一种是混凝土渗水的原因是由于混凝土内部孔隙形成连通的渗水孔道。这些孔道主要来源于水泥浆中多余的水分蒸发而留下的气孔、水泥浆泌水所产生的毛细管孔道、内部的微裂以及施工振捣不密实产生的蜂窝、孔洞，这些都会。Is the cause of seepage water of concrete due to inside the concrete pore formed connected water seepage channel. Excess water in the chan
2、nel mainly comes from the slurry evaporation hole left by the parities, the slurry water generated by the vibrating capillary channel, internal micro cracks and construction not dense honeycomb, holes, these will cause water seepage of concrete. 引起裂缝有两大类原因，一种由外荷载（如静、动荷载）的直接应力和结构次应力引起的裂缝；一种是结构因温度、膨胀、
3、收缩、徐变和不均匀沉降等因素由变形变化引起的裂缝。Cause cracks has two kinds, a kind of by the outside load, such as static, dynamic loads caused by the direct stress and structural stress cracks; Is a kind of structure by temperature, expansion, shrinkage, creep and uneven settlement cracks caused by deformation of the cha
4、nge. 1.1 设计方面1.1 design aspects 选型：工艺、结构选型不当或实际运行与设计条件不符。Selection: technology, structure selection or improper operation does not accord with design conditions. 计算：结构分析计算简图不当，受力构件计算错误。Computing: improper structure calculation diagram, stress component calculation error. 沉降缝：水池的沉降缝或伸缩缝处理不当。Settlemen
5、t joint and expansion joint of settlement joint: pool of improper handling. 图纸：套用图纸，使用不当。Using drawings, drawings: improper use. 1.2 材料缺陷1.2 material defects 从砼的性质来说影响因素大概有：干燥收缩、温差、塑性收缩、自干燥 、外加剂、徐变等。From the nature of the influence factors about: concrete, plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, temper
6、ature difference from dry, admixture, creep, etc. 1.3 施工管理1.3 construction management 地基处理：地基处理不符合设计要求。砼配合比：配合比设计是否合理，水泥与外加剂是否相适应，砂石级配及其含泥量是否符合规范要求，酱油砼坍落度控制是否合理，这些都影响到砼的质量及其收缩变形。(1) foundation treatment, foundation treatment is not in conformity with the design requirements. (2) the concrete mixture
7、 ratio, mixture ratio design whether reasonable, whether the cement and admixture, sand and gravel gradation and silt content conformed to the specification requirements, the concrete slump control is reasonable, all of these affect the quality, the shrinkage deformation of concrete. 浇筑震捣：砼浇筑震捣不均匀密实
8、，施工缝和细部处理会带来结构开裂的后患；过震则使浮浆过厚，抹压又不及时，则砼表面出现塑性裂缝。(3) pouring vibrating: uneven vibrating compacted concrete casting, construction joint and structure that details can bring for cracking; Too thick shock makes the floating cement, plastering and not in time, the concrete surface of the plastic crack ap
9、peared. 拆摸板：边墙拆摸板过早（13d），砼水化热正处于高峰，内外温差最大。(4) open touch panel: sidewall touched down the board early (1 3 d), concrete hydration heat is in peak, the largest temperature difference between inside and outside. 养护：许多施工单位往往忽视砼养护这一环节，尤其是墙体和柱梁的保温保湿养护不到位，容易产生收缩裂缝。(5) maintenance: many construction units
10、tend to ignore the concrete curing this link, especially the wall and column beam insulation moisture curing does not reach the designated position, prone to shrinkage crack. 管理：施工管理不严，赶进度，偷工减料，工人素质差，施工马虎等也是造成结构裂缝的人为因素。6 management, construction management is lax, catch up, to cut corners, workers q
11、uality is poor, careless of construction and structure cracks caused by human factors. 1.4 维护管理1.4 maintenance and management 对维护缺乏认识。除荷载问题外，主要是环境温度和风速引起的收缩变形所致。钢筋砼结构与其他物件一样都存在热胀冷缩的特征，尤其复合土工膜超长结构更为明显，所以，应重视已浇结构的保温保湿维护工作。Lack of awareness to the maintenance. In addition to the load problem, mainly ca
12、used by shrinkage deformation due to ambient temperature and wind speed. Reinforced concrete structure and the other items are heat bilges cold shrink characteristics, especially super long structure is more obvious, therefore, should pay attention to have been watering the insulation structure of m
13、oisturizing maintenance work. 2 抗渗混凝土渗漏的预防措施2 impermeable concrete seepage prevention measures 2.1 设计因素2.1 design factors 设计中应充分考虑地下水作用的最不利情况，即地下水、地表水和毛细管水对结构的作用以及由于人为因素而引起的周围水文地质变化的影响。1) should be fully considered in the design of the most unfavorable situation of the groundwater, groundwater, surf
14、ace water and capillary water and the function of structure caused by man-made factors and surrounding hydrological geological change. 结构设计中，应根据地下工程确定的几何尺寸，合理配置钢筋，使大体积混凝土具有足够的抗裂能力而不出现裂缝。(2) in the design, should according to the geometry size specified in the underground engineering, the reasonable
15、configuration of reinforced, make with enough mass concrete crack resistance ability without cracks. 根据结构断面形状、荷载、埋深，基础的强度，采用结构自防水混凝土，即补偿收缩混凝土。(3) according to the structure of the cross section shape, load, buried depth, foundation strength, adopts the structure of the waterproof concrete and shrinkage compensating concrete. 以膨胀加强带取代后浇缝即在结构收缩应力最大的地方，产生相应较大的膨胀来补偿结构的收缩。(4) expansion reinforcing band instead of post-cast seam shrinkage stress in the structures biggest place, produce the corresponding large expansion structure to compensat
