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1、高考语法专题：情态动词与虚拟语气 考纲新研读 情态动词1. can, could (1)表示能力或客观可能性、请求或允许： Man cannot live without air or water. (2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信： How can you be so careless! He couldnt be over sixty. (3)表示对过去否定或疑问的猜测： Jack cannot (couldnt) have been to China, has he? Can (Could) he have heard the news? (4)表示虚拟语气，用于肯定句，could have
2、 done,“过去能够干 某事而没干”。 I could have lent him money, but he didnt ask me. Given more time, I could have done it even better. (5)表示“有时会”： Training alone can be dangerous.2. may, might (1)表示推测“可能”： That may or may not be true. (2)对过去可能性的推测，may (might可能性更小)have done： She may not have seen the film. She mi
3、ght have had an accident. (3)表示虚拟语气“有可能干而没干”： She might have given you more help, but she didnt. (4)表示祝愿： May you succeed in passing the exam！3.must，have to (1)“必须”，“必要”： Soldiers must obey orders. You mustnt talk like that. (2)肯定的猜测(不能用于否定或疑问)：“一定”： He must be seventy now. He must be doing his home
4、work upstairs. I think you must have made a mistake, didnt you? He must have been doing his homework then. (3)(表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦)偏要 Just as I was hurrying to class, Mary must come, telling a long story.4. need (1)“需要”，主要用于否定、疑问句。 You neednt do it at once. (2)neednt have done,“过去不需要干而干了”： You had enough
5、 time left. You neednt have hurried. (3)特殊句型，“需要干某事”： The tree needs (wants, requires) watering (to be watered).5.dare，dared (1)主要用于疑问、否定和条件句中： How dared they do such a thing? (2)可作实意动词：dare (to) do: He didnt dare (to) go there.6. shall, should (1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，征求对方意见： Shall I turn on the radio
6、? (2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命 令、决心等。 You shall fail if you dont take his advice. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. (3)should/ought to,“应该”： You should work hard at your lessons. (4)should(ought to) have done,“过去本来应该干某事而没干”； should not have done“过去本来不应该干某事而干了”,表示 委婉的批评： You shoul
7、d have come earlier. You shouldnt have told her about it. You ought to have told me about that yesterday.7. will, would (1)用于疑问句，表示请求、邀请： Will/Would you pass me the book? (2)“愿意”： If you will wait a little while, Ill call the manager. (3)“总是”： He will often sit up all night. He would drop in on me o
8、n Sundays. (4)用于否定句，表拒绝，尤指物： We pushed the bus, but it wouldnt move a bit.8.used to “过去曾经”，暗示现在不再如此： You used to smoke, usednt you (didnt you)? 虚拟语气 近几年，虚拟语气考查的重点是与情态动词连用的虚拟语气。如：should have done, could have done, might have done等。虚拟条件句等也时有涉及。1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用： (1)与现在事实相反： 条件句谓语用：If.did/were.；主句谓语用：w
9、ould (should, could, might) do.。例如： If I had enough money, I would buy the car. (But I havent enough money.) If it were not so late, we could have coffee.(2)与过去事实相反： 条件句谓语用：If.had done.;主句谓语用：would (should) have done.。例如： If they had invited me, I would have gone to the party. (But they didnt invite
10、 me.) They didnt invite me, otherwise, I would have gone to the party.(3)与将来事实相反： 条件句谓语用：If.did (were)/were to do/should do.;主句谓语 用：would (should) do.。例如： Im sure to succeed this time. If I failed (were to fail/should fail), I would try again.(4)过去现在混合： 条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。例如： If you had taken the
11、doctors advice, you wouldnt be in hospital now (you would be well now). (5)如果if省略，从句要倒装(主要是were/should/had)例如： Had they time, they would help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met the scientist. (6)用介词短语代替条件句： We would not have succeeded without your help (but for your help). But for the stor
12、m, we should have arrived earlier.2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气： (1)wish“希望；但愿”。wish后的宾语从句，如果跟虚拟语气， 有三种时态。即: 与现在事实相反,谓语用一般过去时态。例如： I wish I had your brain. 与过去事实相反，谓语用过过去完成时态。例如： How I wished I had studied then! 与将来事实相反，或不大可能实现的愿望，谓语用 would/could do。 例如： How I wish that I would go to the moon some day.(2)command,dem
13、and,insist,order,request,require,suggest等后面 的宾语从句，谓语用(should) do。总体掌握：“要求干，应该 干，但还没干”，就是说动作还没有发生。因此insist“坚持事 实”、suggest“暗示”都不用虚拟语气。 Mother insists I get rid of the bad habit. He insisted that he was a Party member and be sent to the front.注意：与此项有关的表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句等的谓 语同样用(should) do。例如： My suggestion is that he do the exercises first. 这样的名词有：advice, idea, demand, order, plan, request, suggestion等。3.主语从句中的虚拟语气：谓语同样用(should) do。例如：
