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1、目 录农业-2农场牧场-3耕作-4农机设备-6农牧产品-72012年政府工作报告中涉及的农业问题-9农业land, soil土壤arable land, tilled land耕地dry soil旱田fertile soil沃土,肥沃的土壤humus腐殖质irrigable land水浇地lean soil, poor soil贫瘠土壤wasteland, barren land荒地grass草grassland草地meadow草甸prairie大草原pasture land牧场to lie fallow休闲fallow休闲地stubble, stubble field亩茬地straw, ha
2、y稿杆rural population农村人口rural exodus农村迁徙land reform, agrarian reform土地改革mechanization of farming农业机械化mechanized farming机械化耕作farm农场cattle farm奶牛场ranch大农场,牧场hacienda庄园holding田产plot, parcel, lot地块cooperative farm合作农场collective farm集体农场country, countryside农村countryman农民,农民countrywoman农民,农妇agronomist农学家la
3、tifundium, large landed estate大农场主farmer农户producer农业工人settle佃户landowner地主,土地拥有者absentee landlord外居地主smallholder, small farmer小农rancher牧场主tenant farmer, leaseholder土地租用人sharecropper佃农ploughman农民,犁田者farm labourers农场工人,农业工人 (美作:farm laborers)farm hand农场短工cattle farmer牧场工人cowherd, cowboy牛仔shepherd牧人frui
4、t grower果农vinegrower葡萄栽植者vintager采葡萄者farming, husbandry农业animal husbandry, animal breeding畜牧业dairy farming乳品业,乳牛业horticulture园艺market gardening商品蔬菜种植业fruit growing果树栽培vinegrowing, viticulture葡萄栽培olive growing油橄榄栽培arboriculture树艺学silviculture造林学agricultural products, farm products农产品foodstuffs食品dairy
5、 produce, dairy products乳制品dairy industry乳品加工业crop year, farming year农事年season季节agricultural, commodities market农业市场livestock牲畜农场牧场farmhouse农舍pasture牧场overalls稻草人haystacks大干草垛silo筒仓granary谷仓outbuildings附属建筑barn, shed棚granary, grain store粮仓chicken house鸡场windmill磨坊implement shed农具房grain silo谷粮仓haylof
6、t干草棚stable畜栏litter褥草cowshed牛棚corral围栏dairy barn挤奶厂pigpen猪圈 (美作:hog pen)sheep pen, fold羊圈rabbit hutch兔窝hen house, henroost鸡舍incubator, brooder孵卵室laying house产蛋室watering trough, drinking trough饮水器piglet猪仔boar公猪feeding trough, feed trough喂食器feeding rack, manger, crib饲槽greenhouse, glasshouse温室nursery苗圃s
7、eedbed苗床threshing floor打谷场manure heap, dung heap麦堆field田地corn field麦地furrow沟,渠ridge垅clod土块terrace梯田haystack, hayrick草垛shock禾捆堆sheaf禾捆plantation栽植cabbage patch圆白菜地tomato patch土豆地vineyard葡萄园kitchen garden菜园market garden商品菜园orchard果园耕作land tenure土地所有制tenancy, leasing, lease租佃land settlement policy殖民政策,
8、移民政策land consolidation土地集约to cultivate, to farm耕作to till, to manage, to run经营dry farming旱作农业irrigated farming浇灌农业extensive cultivation粗放耕作intensive cultivation集约耕作crop rotation轮作mixed farming多种经营single-crop farming单一经营to clear采伐to weed除草to plough犁,耕 (美作:to plow)ploughing耕作 (美作:plowing)to fallow, to
9、plough up, to turn休闲to loosen松土to dig挖掘to earth up覆土to harrow, to rake耙to grow栽培to plant栽植to transplant, to plant out移植seed种子to sow播种broadcasting, broadcast sowing撒播to stake支木柱stake支柱to prune修剪,整枝pruning修剪,整枝to graft嫁接to harvest收获harvest, harvesting收获reaping收割to pick采摘picking采摘to cut, to mow刈割cuttin
10、g, mowing刈割to thresh脱粒threshing脱粒haymaking割晒牧草to bind(into sheaves)捆,扎to ensile, to pit青贮soil improvement, soil dressing土壤改良land reclamation开垦荒地irrigation ditch, irrigation channel灌渠manure肥料to manure施肥fertilizer化学肥料to fertilize施化肥spreading撒布to fumigate熏蒸to spray喷射insecticide杀虫剂pesticide农药weed killer
11、, herbicide除草剂pest农业害虫parasite寄生虫locust蝗虫termite白蚁rodent啮齿类weeds杂草rust锈病smut黑穗病mildew霉病ergot麦角phylloxera葡萄根病蚜农机设备shovel铁锹spade铲hoe锄weeding hoe除草锄mechanical hoe动力锄rake搂草机fork叉子hayfork, pitchfork干草叉scythe大钐刀sickle镰刀flail连枷billhook, brushhook钩镰(field)roller滚压器plough犁 (美作:plow)ridging plough, ridger起垄犁w
12、eeding machine除草机weeder, weeding hook除草锄weeding fork除草叉disc harrow圆盘耙clod crusher碎土块机tractor拖拉机sprinkler喷水器,人工降雨器manure spreader撒肥机fertilizer distributor化肥撒肥机rotovator中耕机 (美作:cultivator)planter种植机disk harrow圆盘耙cotton picker摘棉机potato harvester马铃薯收割机seeder, broadcaster播种机seed drill, drilling machine条播机mower割草机(power)mower动力割草机harvester, reaper收割机combine (harveste
