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1、 语音入门I. 元音和辅音单元音: a, e, i, o, u, y复合元音: au, ei, eu, eeu, ie, ij, oe, ooi, ou, ui单辅音: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, z, ch, ds, ng, ts, th复合辅音: dr, tr, sch, nkII. 元音读音1.单元音字母在重读开音节（以元音结尾的音节）中发长音（即字母本身音）， eg: ga（去go），单元音字母a在开音节中发字母本身音a: Lezen(阅读read),第一个音节le重读而且是开音节,单元音字母e发字母
2、本身音ei 2. 单元音字母在闭音节（以辅音结尾的音节）中发相应于字母本身音的短音， eg: lid(成员limb/member), 单元音字母i在闭音节中发字母本身音i wet(法律law), 单元音字母e在闭音节中发短音e 3. 两个重叠的单元音字母在闭音节中发长音， eg: baas(老板boss), 两个单元音字母a重叠,发作字母本身音a: been(腿bone/leg),两个单元音字母e重叠,发作字母本身音ei4.复合元音只有长音，在开音节和闭音节中发音一般不变， eg: buiten(外面outside/beyond)和 tuin(花园garden)中的ui发音相同,不受开音节和闭
3、音节的影响5.单元音及少数复合元音在非重读音节中长发作轻音/，eg: vochtig(潮湿的moist/wet)中的i和begin(开始begin)中的e和 lelijk(丑陋的ugly)中的ij都发作/6.元音y一般只出现在外来词中，读作长音/i:/或短音/i/eg: baby (婴儿baby)和systeem(系统system)7.复合元音au和ou的发音相同,都读作/au/,类似于汉语傲的发音8.复合元音ei和ij的发音相同,类似于汉语爱的发音III. 辅音读音1.c 一般读作/k/，eg: contact(联系contact),和cultuur(文化culture)等 c在元音e, i
4、, ij和y前时发作/s/，eg: centrum(中心centre), incident(事件incident), cijfer(数字figure/cipher) 和cynisch(嘲讽的cynical)2.浊辅音d出现在词尾时发成清辅音t，eg: hond(狗dog)应读作/hont/3.r出现在元音前时一般发成弹舌音， eg: rood(红色red),和rijst(米rice)r出现在音节末尾时一般只需要发卷舌音（类似儿化音）， eg: kort(短的short),和pers(媒体press)4.荷兰语中的w与英语中的v相似， eg: wet(法律law)的读音是/vet/而不是/wet
5、/5.荷兰语中的v的读音与f相似，但f发音时不需要震动声带,而v是浊辅音,发音时需要震动声带6.ch在外来词中发作/x/和/ /，在外来词特别是法语词中ch一般发作/ /eg: China(中国China), chocolade(巧克力chocolate) 其他情况下ch一般发作/x/， eg: macht(权力power/might) ,wachten(等候wait) ch在极少数情况下也发作/k/，eg: christendom(基督教Christianity)7.sch出现在词尾时一般发作/s/， .eg: fantastisch(美妙的fantastic) 和idyllisch(田园气
6、息的idealistic(al) sch在其他情况下一般发作/sx/， eg: scheiden(分开seperate/part), schrijven(写write)8.ng发作后鼻音/ /， eg: ring (环ring)和gang(走廊walk/corridor)9.nk的发音为/ k/， eg: bank (银行bench)和dank(感谢thank)10.t, p, k这三个清辅音出现在s后发作/d/, /b/, /g/， eg: stok(棍棒stick)音/sdok/, spek(熏肉bacon)音/sbek/, skelet(骨架skeleton)音/sglet/ st, s
7、p, sk出现在词尾时发音不变eg: feest(节庆feast/festival)中的t不必读作dIV. 发音练习a 长音 water vader, dader, maat, laat water, father, author/doer, measure, late 短音 dag, nacht, lam, dam, tand day, night, lamb, dam, toothe 长音 mening, leven, delen, heet, weet opinion, live/life, devide, hot, know 短音 wet, met, weg, net, zeg law
8、, with, way, net/neat, say/telleer meer, veer, keer, wanneer more, feather/ferry, turn/time, wheni 长音 januari, februari January, February 短音 wit, lid, in, dit, is white, limb/member, in, thiso 长音 wonen, bogen, mode, loon, telefoon live, boast/glory in, mode/fashion, weges/pay, telephone 短音 op, lot,
9、onder, omlaag, ons on, fate/lot, under, below/down, us/ouru 长音 muziek, ruzie music, quarrel 短音 punt, kunst, kussen, munt, dun point, art, kiss, coin/money, thin/smalluur duur, muur, buur, vuur duration/dear, wall, neighbour, firey baby, cynisch, systeem, symbool, dynastie baby, cynical, system, symb
10、ol, dynastyau nauw, blauw, mauw, gauw, dauw narrow, blue, mew, quick, dewei eigen, leiden, meid, weiden, neiging own, lead/guide, maid, feed/graze, incline/bendeu leuk, keuken, meubel, jeugd, peuk funny, kitchen/cooking, furniture, youth, stub/endeur deur, keur, geur, beurt door, choice, smell/odour
11、, turneeu leeuw, sneeuw, geeuw lion, snow, yawnie niet, fiets, bieden, tien, dienst not, bibycle, bid, ten, serviceij ijs, wijs, bij, altijd, blijven ice, wise, bee/by, always, remainoe boek, hoed, doek, moe, woedend book, hat, choth, tired, furiousooi nooit, gooi, mooi, voltooid never, cast/throw,
12、pretty, perfect tenseou oud, mouw, koud, goud, fout old, sleeve, cold, gold, faultui huis, duim, huilen, uit, muit house/home, thumb, cry, from/out of, mutiny/rebelb bad, bouw, bed, buiten, boven bath, building, bed, outside, abovec concept, concert, concessie, cycloon, cilinder concept, concert, co
13、ncessie, cyclops, cylinderd donderdag, dam, dijk, duister, dood Thursday, dam, dike, dark, deadf feest, fabriek, faciliteit, feit, folie feast, factory, facility, fact, foilg goed, god, goud, dag, vaag good, god, gold, day, vagueh hond, heel, haven, heilig, hout dog, whole, harbour, holy, woodj ja,
14、jij, jong, juist, jager yes, you, young, exact, hunterk kamer, koning, koffie, politiek, geluk room, king, coffee, politic(al), happinessl liga, les, leeg, maaltijd, formeel league, lesson, empty, (hot) meal, formalm mond, map, minuut, ham, geheim mouth, folder, minute, ham, sure/certainn net, niet, nicht, won
