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1、英语语法入门 崔荣容 第一讲 语序和五种基本句式 He learns English every day. 他每天学习英语。（中英语序不同）英语五种基本句式一、主 +谓二、主 +系 +表 系动词：起到联系作用的动词，连接主语与表语。 表语：描述主语的身份、性质、特征、状态三、主 +谓 +宾 主语：动作发出者 谓语：作出的动作 宾语：动作的对象四、主 +谓+间宾+直宾 间宾：通常是人 直宾：通常是物五、主 +谓+宾+宾补 宾补：对宾语的补充说明一、主 +谓 The universe remains. 宇宙长存 中英文语序一致二、主 +系 +表 The food is delicious. 这个食
2、物很好吃 中英文语序一致三、主 +谓 +宾He took his bag and left.（ left 是第二个谓语） 他拿着他的包离开了 中英文语序一致四、主 +谓+间宾+直宾Her father bought her a dictionary. buy sb sth （双宾语） 她爸爸给她买了一本词典（her与a dictionary，两个宾语，一个是人、一个是物）中英文语序一致五、主 +谓+宾+宾补We made him our monitor.我们选他当班长（ him 与 our monitor ，都是指同一个人， our monitor 是对 him 的补充说明）中英文语序一致No
3、thing is impossible to a willing heart! 有志者事竟成！第二讲 be 动词的形式和用法一、be 动词的形式： be、am、is、are、was、were、being、been1、The man is back.2、They are back.3、He was back.4、They were back.5、They have been back.6、Ill be back.上述“ back”是副词，构成主系表结构。二、be 动词的用法：起到 联系前后的作用 （ 一般翻译为“是” ， 或无实意而不作翻译 ） ，多用于主系表结构。后面接名词、形容 词、地点副词
4、或短语作补足语成分。1、The man is a teacher.a teacher 是名词2、Marysnew dresses are colorful. colorful 是形容词3、My mother was in the kitchen. in the kitchen 是地点副词。4、I am 20.数词也可做表语5、It sme.代词也可做表语三、be 动词的练习1、他们是老师They are teachers.2、他曾是一名老师He was a teacher before.3、他已经当了 3 年的老师He has been a teacher for 3 years.第三讲 be
5、 动词的否定 / 提问/ 回答一、be 动词的否定在 am、 is、are、 was、were 后面加 not 缩略式 am not，isnt,arent,wasnt,weren t1、The man isnt back.2、I am not back.3、They arent back.4、He wasnt back.5、They weren btack.二、使用 be 动词提问和回答 Is he a teacher？Yes,he is./No,he isnt.Are you a teacher? Yes,I am./No,I am not.Were they teachers?Yes,th
6、ey were./No,they werent.三、be 动词的练习：1、他是医生吗？Is he a doctor?不，他不是No,he isnt.2、他们昨天在教室吗？Were they in the classroom yesterday?Yes,they were./No,they weren t.3、他们昨天不在教室They werent in the classroom yesterday.第四讲 代词的主格和宾格主格代词： I he she it you we they1、I am a teacher.2、He is a teacher.3、You are teachers.宾格代
7、词： me him her it you us them1、He likes me.2、We like her.3、I like them.练习1、我喜欢它I like it.2、他们认识他They know him.第五讲 名词性 / 形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词： （后接名词） 单数形式： my your his/her/its one s复数形式： our your their1、This is my book.2、We love our motherland.3、Those are your socks.名词性物主代词：单数形式： mine yours his/hers/its
8、one s复数形式： ours yours theirs1、2、The book is ours.The apple is hers.练习1、我的老师是中国人2、My teacher is Chin ese. 这个电脑是他们的3、This computer is theirs. 我们的书在书架上Our book is on the shelf.主格宾格形容词性物 主代词名词性物主代词反身代词Imemymi nemyselfyouyouyouryoursyourselfhehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselfweusourour
9、sourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselvestheythemtheirtheirsthemselves第六讲反身代词单数 myself yourself himself herself itself复数 ourselves yourselves themselves反身代词的用法：（指某人自己，通常是主语的“自己”）1、Please help yourself to some fish.请随便吃些鱼吧 yourself 在动词 help 后 作宾语 。2、We enjoyed ourselves last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心 ourselves 在动词
10、enjoyed 后 作宾语 。3、The thing itself is not important.这件事本身不重要反身代词 itself 在名词 The thing 后作 同位语，起到解释、 说明名词的作用。练习1、Take good care of (yourself ) 照顾好2、She gained control of (herself )控制住了 第七讲 实意动词的特征实意动词 come go read watch play fly 1 、 He comes from Shenyang.实意动词comes作谓语，后接介词短语from Shenyang作宾语 动词 come 有一般
11、现在时“单三”的变化2、She is reading story books.实意动词 reading 作谓语，后接动词 story books 作宾语 动词 read 有现在进行时的变化3、They went to America yesterday.动词go有一般过去时“ we nt ”的变化4、We have watched the game for three times.动词 watch 有现在完成时“ watched ”的变化 现在完成时：动作已经发生或对现在造成影响5、 My mother will fly back to China next month.一般将来时：will+
12、 动词原形总结：实意动词有时态与数量（三单）上的变化练习：1、他昨天来上海了He came to ShangHai yesterday.2、我们正在写作业We are writing homework.3、他们读这本书已经读 3 遍了They have read this book three times.第八讲 实意动词的否定 / 提问 / 回答 （ 一般现在时与一般过去时 ） 使用助动词进行否定在助动词 do does did 后面加 not do not/don tdoes not/doesn tdid not/didn t例句：1.I don t go to school by bus
13、.2.She doesn t watch TV everyday.3.They didn t swim last night.使用助动词进行提问1. He often plays golf.Does he often play golf?Yes,he does./No,he doesn t.2. They go to school by bus. Do they go to school by bus?Yes they do./No,they don t.3. Sam had breakfast yesterday.Did Sam have breakfast yesterday?Yes,he
14、 did./No,he didn t.练习：1. 他每天都学英语吗？Does he lear n En glish everyday?是的，他每天都学英语Yes,he does.2. Tom昨天没吃早饭Tom didn t have breakfast yesterday.第九讲 使用疑问词进行提问和回答（1） （般现在时与一般过去时）使用疑问词进行提问whe n,where,who,what,how时间、地点、人物、干什么、怎样 例句He bought three books yesterday.1231. Who bought three books yesterday?对主语提问，原语序不变2. What did he buy yesterday?对宾语提问时，将助动词提前，并还原动词。3. When did he buy three books?对状语提问时，将助动词提前，并还原动词。They wan ted to go to Shan gHai by air.1231. Who wan ted to go to Shan gHai by air?2. Where did they want to go by air?3. How did they want to go to Shan
