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1、定语从句精讲 英语中，把用来修饰、限制、说明名词、代词的从句叫做定语从句。其中，被修饰的词称为先行词；而连接先行词与从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，它们既连接先行词与句子，同时也在从句中担任某种句子成分。类别单 词指 代在从句中充当的句子成分关系代词that指代人、物作从句的主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时，可以省略which指代物、情况作从句的主语、宾语。作宾语时，可以省略who指代人作从句的主语、宾语。作宾语时，可以省略whom指代人作从句的宾语，可以省略whose指代人、物作从句的定语，不能省略as指代情况作从句的表语、宾语。作主语时，谓语动词须有be。关系副词where指代
2、地点作状语when指代时间作状语why指代原因作状语根据与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。（一）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1. 结构区别限制性定语从句常紧接在先行词之后，主从句之间不用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常有逗号分开，并且as引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在句首。如：Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. 06 北京A. who; 不填 B.不填;
3、who C. who; who D.不填； 不填第一二空后面都没有逗号分开，他们都是限制性定语从句，并且现行词都是“人”，而关系词都在从句中作主语，因此答案选C。Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. 07浙江A. that B. which C. who D. where从句语先行词之间有逗号分开，是非限制性定语从句，不能用that；先行词是“物”，而不是“人”，于是不能用who；关系词在从句中作主语，不能用where，因此答案选B。2. 功能区别限制性定语
4、从句对先行词进行修饰、限制，如果去掉定语从句，整个句子的意思就不完整、不准确；非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充、说明，即使去掉定语从句，从句的意思照常完整。如：(1) His sister who is studying in Beijing came home yesterday. (2) His sister, who is studying in Beijing, came home yesterday.第（1）句是限制性定语从句，暗含他有几个姐姐，其中在北京读书的姐姐昨天回来了。第（2）句是非限制性定语从句，暗含他只有一个姐姐，她在北京读书，昨天回来了。3. 先行词的区别限制性定语从句
5、的先行词一般是名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、短语或整个句子的内容。如：（1）I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. 06浙江A. of that B. of which C. that D. which答案选B，of which中的which指three books on cooking这一短语。（2）The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to kee
6、p it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. 06全国 A. who B. that C. as D. which答案选D，which指前面电影院业主进行改善和雇用人员的整个事情。4. 关系词的区别多数关系词既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，但是，why, that只能引导限制性定语从句，而as只能引导非限制性定语从句。如：Mary has won the game, _ everyone expected. A. that B. when C. as D. who答案选C，as引导非限制性定语从句。5.
7、 翻译时的区别限制性定语从句一般译成一个句子；而非限制性定语从句一般译成两个句子，即将非限制性定语从句单独译成一个句子，对主句进行补充、说明。如：The cellphone which he bought last month is lost now. 他上个月买的手机现在丢了。The cellphone, which he bought last month, is lost now. 他上个月买了那个手机，那个手机现在丢了。（二）关系代词的用法区别1. that与which的用法区别定语从句中，that与which指物时，一般情况下可以换用，但是在下列情况下就得注意：（1）下列情况时，只能
8、用that 当现行词是下列不定代词，或被它们所修饰时：all, any(thing), every(thing), few, little, much, no(thing), none等。如：All the books _ will be sent to the hope schools are ready now. A. which B. that C. what D. as答案选B。因为先行词前面有all修饰。 当先行词前面有the very, the same, the only等修饰时。如：This is the only money _ I have with me. A. whic
9、h B. that C. what D. as答案选B。因为先行词前面有the only修饰。 当现行词前面有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，如：The first story _ you told is more interesting than the second one. A. which B. that C. what D. as答案选B。因为先行词前面有序数词the first修饰。 当现行词同时包括人和物时，如：The singer and his song _ we are all familiar with have won the first prize in the comp
10、etition. A. which B. that C. what D. as答案选B。因为先行词由指人和物的The singer and his song一起构成的。 当现行词在定语从句中作表语时，如：Our hometown is not the town _ it was. A. which B. that C. what D. where答案选B。因为先行词the town在从句中作表语。 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，如：Which is the coat _ you bought last week?A. which B. that C. what D. as答案选B。因
11、为句子是以which提问的特殊疑问句。（2）下列情况时，只能用which 引导非限制性定语从句时，如：His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. 07上海A. which B. that C. where D. it 答案选A。先行词为整个句子的内容在非限制性从句中作主语。 关系词前面有介词时，如：He was educated at the local high school, he went on to Beijing University. 07江苏A. after
12、which B. after that C. in which D. in that答案选A。介词后不能用that，从而排除B、D；根据前后逻辑关系，上北大应该在中学之后，于是答案选A。 当现行词为that时，如：I dont take that _ is too expensive.A. which B. that C. where D. it 答案选A。先行词是that时，关系词用which。2. who (whom)与that的用法区别定语从句中，that与who (whom)指人时，一般情况下可以换用，但是在下列情况下就得注意：（1）下列情况下只用who (whom) 引导非限制性定语
13、从句时，如：On the way there, he met Mary, _ told him the secret. A. that B. whom C. who D. which答案选C。非限制性定语从句，关系词不能用that；先行词指人，不能用which；先行词在从句中作主语，不能用whim，于是答案选C。 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，如：Do you know the man under the tree _ is talking to our headmaster?A. that B. whom C. who D. which答案选C。如果选A或D，就会使人产生误会，以为
14、the tree是先行词；而先行词在从句中作主语，于是答案选C。 当现行词是those或people时，如：Those _ are against the plan put up your hands, please. A. that B. whom C. who D. which答案选C。由于先行词是those，排除A、D；先行词在从句中作主语，于是答案选C。（2）下列情况下只用that 当指人的先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，如：The first student _ came in the classroom this morning is Jack. A. that B. w
15、hom C. who D. which答案选A。因为先行词前面有序数词修饰。 当指人的先行词前面有the very, the same, the only修饰时，如：He is the very student _ Im looking for.A. that B. whom C. who D. which答案选A。因为先行词前面有the very修饰。 当现行词同时包括人和物时，如：They are talking about the school and the teacher _ they visited last week. A. that B. whom C. who D. which答案选A。因为先行词为the school and the teacher，关系词用that。 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，如：Who
