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1、英语中的种种省略(ellipsis)现象一、主从复合句中的省略并列复合句中的省略： 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.When summer comes，the day is getting longer and longer，and the night (is getting) shorter and shorterHe didnt go to see that
2、 film，nor did I (go to see that film).状语从句中的省略： （1）在when，while，if，unless，as if，though (although)，once等引导的状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句是“主语be其它成分”构成时，可以将状语从句的主语和be动词一并省略：Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singerHe looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something . Liu Xiang opened
3、his lips as if (he were) to speak。刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected (比被预料的有趣的多) （2）当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（if，unless，when，whenever）+形容词的结构。Unless (it is) necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary. 2定语从句中的省略 在口语和非正式语中，关系副词when，和why经常
4、用that来代替，甚至还可省略。This is the first time (when/that)he had trouble with the boss. 这是他第一次麻烦老板。Could you tell us the reason (why/that)he was so unhappy ? 当先行词the way表示“方式”时，不能用how来引导，应该用that或in which或将它们全部省略。 I dont like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her. 3主句省略多见于句首。如：（It is a）Pity that I didnt g
5、o to Marys birthday party yesterday. (youd) Better do it right now.二、动词不定式to省略的情形1当主语部分有to do或主语从句中有行为动词do时，后面作表语的不定式to常可省略。The only thing you have to do is press the button.All I want （to do） is go to school and study hard.All we can do now is (to) wait.2作介词but，expect，besides的宾语，前面又有实意动词do时，不定式通常省去
6、to。如：He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.The boy did nothing but play.3当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略。I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.4某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作
7、宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree.The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.四、动词不定式to保留的情形不定式作某些动词的宾语时，这些动词常见的有：love，like，care，wish，hope，expect，prefer，refuse，mean，try，oblige，advise，persuade，agree
8、，want，afford，forget，remember，try，manage等。-You should have thanked her before you left 你本该在离开前谢谢她。-I meant to, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.我本打算这么做，但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做，你可以这么做。 2不定式作动词ask，tell，advise，force，persuade，wish，allow，permit，forb
9、id，expect，order，want 等的宾语补足语或主语补足语时。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him not to . 3不定式在句中作形容词happy，glad，eager，anxious，willing，ready等的状语时。I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ？Not a
10、t all .I would be happy to.4不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构如：be able to，be going to，have to，ought to，used to等。如：He doesnt like fish，but he used to.5在have, need, ought, be going, used等后。I didnt want to go there, but I had to .6在某些形容词如glad, happy, pleased, delighted后。-How about going swimming with me this afternoon?
11、-Im glad to, but Im afraid I have to finish my homework first.7否定形式的省略用not to 。-Could you go instead of him? -I prefer not to.8省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果to后面有be动词、助动词have或have been，则to后面的be动词、助动词have或have been也须一并保留下来。-Are you an engineer? -No, but I want to be.-He hasnt finished the task yet. -Well, he
12、ought to have.五、not ,so的“替代性”省略。not，so作为替代词，代替被省略的句子，一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用。作be afraid, believe, expect, hope, say, see, suppose, think become 等的宾语。not代替否定句子，还可放在perhaps, probably absolutely等副词后。这也是近几年高考的常考项目。-Is he coming back tonight? -I think so.-She must be busy now. -If so, she cant go with us.-Is s
13、he feeling better today? -Im afraid not.-Do you think he will attend the meeting? -I guess not.-was it any good? -No，absolutely not.还有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not.六、其它一些省略结构名词所有格修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。如：We spent the weekend at the
14、Marys.2有时可根据意思及上下文联系适当省略，保留最有效信息。Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.-Have you finished your work?-(I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 2008高考选择题省略句 1-How do you find your new classmates?-Most of them are kind，but _ is so good to me as Bruce.（2008福建卷，21）Anone Bno one Cevery one Dsome o
15、ne2-Do you want tea or coffee? -_I really dont mind. (2008上海卷，26)ANone BNeither CEither DAll3-Who should be responsible for the accident?（2008福建卷，30）-The boss，not the workersThey just carried out the order_.Aas told Bas are told Cas telling Das they told4When asked_ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and love
