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1、D192 damage和damagesdamage损坏，损害(不可数)，常用于dodamage to (to sb.s reputation)。The accident did a lot of damage to the car.这次事故使车子受到很大损坏。Fire causes damage to property.火灾使财产受损失。damages赔偿费，损坏物。He claimed 50, 000 damages from his emplover for his loss of his right arm while at work.他因公失去了右臂，向雇主要求50000美元的赔偿费。
2、The court ordered the defendant (被告) to payS|1, 000 in damages for the accident.法庭要求被告为这次事故支付1000美元赔偿费。提示英语中有些名词，其复数形式有着特殊的含义，阅读中要多加留意，不可“望文生义”。green 绿色greens蔬菜pain痛苦pains 辛劳advice忠告advices通知custom风俗customs海关wood 木材woods森林manner 方式manners 礼貌ruin毁灭ruins 废墟work 工作works 工厂，著作part 部分parts 才能disorder 混乱d
3、isorders小病spectacle 景象spectacles眼镜air空气airs架子security安全securities证券future 未来futures 期货193 damage, destroy和ruin1.damage主要用于物，有时也可用于人，指由于“损害，损坏，毁坏”，使之失去(尤指部分)价值、功能或正常的外观，作名词常同to连用。The scandal damaged him/his reputation.这一丑闻毁了他/毁了他的名誉。He damaged the front of his car in the accident.他在事故中把汽车前部撞坏了。2 dest
4、roy指具体的或抽象的事物受到彻底损坏而很难恢复，故常用指“破坏，毁坏，摧毁”，也可指希望、计划等打破。The fire destroyed the house.大火烧毁了这栋房子。It seems hes destroying himself.他似乎正在毁灭自己。His hope of being a writer was destroyed.他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。3ruin意为“使毁灭，使崩溃，弄糟”，表示破坏严重，以致不能修复。ruin不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调使某物的价值发生了问题。ruin也可作名词，表示“毁灭，废墟”等。The fire ruined the
5、tower.大火使那座塔夷为废墟。My dignity as a man is sadly ruined.作为一个男子汉，我的尊严令人痛心地完了。She has ruined her health through overwork.她由于过度劳累，身体垮了。The ancient temple has fallen into ruin.古庙已坍塌。The city is now in ruins.那座城市现在成了一片废墟。194 dead， deadly和deathly 用作副词1 dead作副词，表示“准确地，完全地，直接地，正对地”。dead tired 累得要死dead asleep睡得
6、死死的dead keen on sth.对喜爱之极dead wrong全错They walked dead ahead.他们径直往前走。The tower was dead ahead of us.那座塔就在我们前面。2 deadly作副词，表示“死一般地；非常，极度地”。deadly pale 死一般地苍白deadly serious 极为严肃3 deathly作副词，意为“极为，非常”。He was deathly ill.他病得很重。195 dead, death, deadly和deathly1dead作形容词，意为“死的，已死去；枯的”，在句中作定语或表语，表示状态。She has
7、been dead for three years.她已去世三年了。There are some dead leaves on the ground.地上有一些枯叶。提示the dead 表示“死者”，与the living (活着的人)相对。Do the dead ever come back to life? 死人难道会复活吗？ death作名词，意为“死，毁灭”，可作不可数名词或可数名词，作可数名词时，表示多少人员的死或某种方式的死亡。He was frozen to death.他冻死了。The earthquake caused fifteen thousand deaths.那次地
8、震造成了15000人死亡。The general died a heroic death.将军英勇牺牲了。3 deadly作形容词，意为“致命的”。命的The dhod was dodly to hez这次打击对地是致It is a deadly snake.这是一条毒蛇。 deathly作形容词，意为“像死一般的”。The roar of the explosion was followed by a deathly silence.剧烈爆炸后是一片死寂。196 deal with, do with和deal in1 deal with sth./sb.表示“对待，交往，处理”。Such p
9、eople are difficult to deal with.这种人很不好对付。That question has been dealt with.那个问题已得到处理。I will not deal with that shopkeeper again.我将不会再与那个店主打交道。do with可以表示多种含义。(1)表示“对待，处理”，意同deal with，但搭配不同。比较：What will you do with the letter?你将把那封信怎样处理？(do with同what搭配)How will you deal with the letter? (deal with同h
10、ow搭配)(2)表示“容忍，满足于”。I cant do with loud music.我受不了喧闹的音乐。I could do with a good nights rest.我只要能好好休息一个晚上就行了。(3)表示“和有关”，用于have something/ anything to do with,have nothing to do with结构中。It has nothing to do with me.这和我无关。Her job has to do with telephone.她的工作与电话有关。 deal in表示“从事的买卖”。A bookseller deals wit
11、h books.误A bookseller deals in books.T书商经营书籍买卖。This book deals in common errors.误This book deals with common errors.正这本书探讨常犯的错误。197 debate, argue和dispute debate可作动词或名词，动词后不跟 that 从句，着重双方正式辩论，各陈理由，有较强的“交锋”意味。I dont wish to debate my opinions with you.我不想就我的想法同你辩论。argue只作动词，不能作名词用，为最普通用词，后可跟 that 从句，表
12、示“说服，论证”或“企图说服”，指从心平气和的说理到言辞激烈的争论。President Lincoln argued that all men are createdequal.林肯总统主张人皆生来平等。 dispute可作动词或名词，动词后不跟 that 从句，着重双方各执一词，相持不下，针锋相对地激烈辩论。The opposing party disputed with the president on the government budget.反对党就政府预算问题同总统激烈争执。198 decide和decisiondecide可用作及物动词和不及物动词，意为“决定，下决心”。用作及物
13、动词时，结构为：decide to do sth.decide when/who/what+不定式decide+that从句或what从句be decided+that从句He can decide he mater for you.他能为你决定She decided to move to Nanjing.她决定迁到南京。He decided not to accept the invitation.他决定不接受邀请。I cant decide what to do with it.我不能决定如何处置它。Have you decided whom to invite?你决定了该邀请谁吗？Let
14、s first decide where we should go.让我们先决定去哪里。=Lets first decide where to go.It has been decided that he will teach us English.已决定由他教我们英语。比较She decided buying a dictionary.误(decide后不跟动名词)She decided to buy a dictionary. 她决定买一本词典。他们决定我去开会。They have decided me to go to the meeting.误(decide后不可跟复合宾语)They
15、have decided that I should go to themeeting.2 decide用作不及物动词时，常同副词或介词短语连用。decide on/upon sth.表示“就某事做出决定”。You shoold deide for yourself.你应该自己做出决定You must decide two days ahead.你必须提前两天做出决定。He hasnt decided on the matter yet.他还没有就那件事做出决定。 decision是decide的名词形式，表示“决定，果断，决议”，为可数名词，常用于下列搭配中：come to a decision决定make a decision做出决定arrive at a decision决定a man of decision果断的人They made a decision at the meeting.他们在会上做出了决定。He hasnt arrived at a
