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1、伴随状语的用法WITH作伴随状语,或说明造成某一局面的原因.至于是用现在分词,还是过去分词得看与主句主句的关系是被动或主动. Fg: with time passing by随着时间的流逝 He sat on the chair with his eyes closed.他坐在椅子上,眼睛闭着.总结一下：with 的复合结构可以分以下几种:一. with + 名词 + 形容词.表处于一种状态. He often sleeps with windows open.他经常开着窗户睡觉.二.with +名词 + 副词. There is a temple with no table in. 三.wi
2、th +名词 + 介词短语. The teacher came into the classroom with a book under his arm. 四.with + 名词 + 现在分词.这种结构表动作的主动和进行态. The old woman left the her house with water running all the time. 五.with + 名词 + 过去分词,这种结构表被动和完成. The thief was taken to the police station with his hands tied to his back. 六.with + 名词 + 不
3、定式,这种结构表动作的将来式. The mamager has been busy these days with a lot of work to do .伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动 作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 例如： He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。 All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 伴随状语的判断The dog entered the roo
4、m, following his master.一般在分词短语 （现在分词表主动 过去表被动）前有逗号的是伴随状语。 伴随状语出现的条件由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态， 或 同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。 伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 伴随状语可以有以下几种表示方法： 一、使用分词形式 The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。 The master entered the room, followed by his do
5、g(主人进了屋，后面跟着 他的狗)。 二、用 with 复合结构 The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩 们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。 The workers went out of work, talking and laughing all the way(工人们下 班了，一路有说有笑)。 三、用独立主格结构 Last year I came here by climbing over the wall, sword in hand. The little boy goes to schoo
6、l, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。 独立主格结构的讲析一、概念：有时一个名词/代词 + 一个其他结构,在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句或并列句，人们通常称这种结构为独立主格或独立结构。 二、独立主格的结构： n/pron + doing River rising, they had to left for safety. to do Much work to do, they had to work for extra hours. done All the work done, they went
7、for lunch. adj. He entered the room, his nose red with cold. adv. He was lying in bed, light on. Prepositional phrase He walked in, cane in hand. 在这种结构中，n/pron.在逻辑上是后一部分的主语，后一部分相当于谓语或表语。这种结构在句子中只能作状语， 三、独立主格在句中通常充当以下状语成分： 1、 伴随状语（方式状语）：相当于一个并列句。 He was watching TV, his mouth half open. He fell to th
8、e ground, blood coming down his nose. The policeman entered the dark room,gun in hand. The old man sat down,his face pale with pain. 2、 时间状语：相当于一个时间状语从句。 Meeting over, everyone tried to do something for the project. Spring coming, the flowers are coming out. The problem settled, everyone was filled
9、with joy. 3、 原因状语：相当于一个原因状语从句。 John (being) away, Tom had to do the work on his own. It being dark, they had to walk with the torches on. There being no bus, they had no choice but to take a taxi. 4、 条件状语：相当于一个条件状语从句。 Weather permitting, well have a picnic this Sunday. Enough time given, well do the
10、 job better. 注：有时可以在独立主格前面加上介词with,构成with +复合宾语结构。 如：With the problem settled, the computer restarted. With the old man leading, we had no difficulty finding the old Red Army mans house. You should not speak to others with your mouth full of food. He left the bathroom,with the water running. He rush
11、ed out with a knife in his hand. 此句可改写为 He rushed out ,a knife in his hand.或 He rushed out, knife in hand. 但是,“with + 复合宾语”结构也可以用作定语。 如：Soon they found themselves walking in a valley with high mountains aroud it. He lives in a village with a railway behind it. Harry Potter is a boy with a scar on hi
12、s forehead.四、用形容词 Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家)。 Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard(运动员们对比赛夺胜 满怀信心奋力拼搏)。 The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播)。 He left home young and came back old(他少小离家老大回)。 五、用名词 He went away a beggar but retuned a millionaire(他讨吃要饭离家，腰缠 万贯回
13、归)。 He who had been twice prime minister of the country, died civilian(他曾两 度出任这个国家的总理，而死的时候却是一个平民)。 六、用介词短语 The girl came back to her mother in tears.(这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身 边)。How can you go to the wedding party in rags(你怎能衣衫褴褛地去参加婚 宴)？ I went home out of breath(我上气不接下气地回家)。 with 复合结构做伴随状语： 由“with 宾语宾补”构成的复
14、合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴 随。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副 词或介词短语等来充当。例如： 1With production up by 60，the company has had another excellent year产量增涨了 60，公司又是一个盈利年。 2He soon fell asleep with the candle still burning蜡烛还亮着，他很 快就睡着了。 3 She sat there alone with her eyes filled with tears 他独自一人坐在那 儿，眼里充满了泪水。 独立主格结构做伴随状
15、语：独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词（作为该短语结构的逻辑主语） ， 加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语（作为该短语 结构的逻辑谓语）构成。该从属结构主要起状语作用，相当于一个状 语从句。故独立主格结构也可做伴随状语。例如： 1Mr.Smith flew to New York this morning，his assistant to join him there this Saturday今天早上史密斯先生坐飞机去了美国，他的秘书 星期六和他在那儿见面。 2He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head他躺在 草地上，头枕双手。 3He stood on the deck，pipe in mouth他站在甲板上，嘴里叼着烟 斗。 分词短语做伴随状语： 现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做伴随状语， 现在分词短语表示 与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表主动意义；而
