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1、 2022年职称英语理工B级练习2. Pharmacologists, who study the effects of drugs, classify psychoactive drugs according to what they do to those who take them. Drugs that speed up signals passing through the nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and produce alertness and arousal and, in h
2、igher doses, excitability, and inhibit fatigue and sleep, are called stimulants. Drugs that retard, slow down, or depress signals passing through the central nervous system and produce relaxation, a lowering of anxiety, and, at higher doses, drowsiness and sleep, are called depressants. One distinct
3、 kind of depressants are those which dull the minds perception of pain and in medicine are used as painkillers, or analgesics. These drugs called narcotics.3. It is not always easy to determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuse. Thus it is far easier to study who uses illegal psychoactive d
4、rugs than it is to study who abuses them. When researchers describe patterns of drug abuse, then, they usually describe the more general phenomenon of drug use, whether it leads to abuse or not.4. Drinking on the job is a social and economic problem with a long history. With the growing popularity o
5、f illegal drugs in the 1960s and 1970s, it was to be expected that their use in the workplace would emerge as a major issue by the 1980s. Estimates of employee drug use vary greatly, ranging from 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the job. The safe p
6、erformance of some occupations-among them, airline pilot, air traffic.5. From the 1920s until the 1960s, treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent. During this period many officials did not believe that treatment was effective or necessary. Drug abusers and sellers wer
7、e simply arrested and imprisoned, thereby discouraging use. The dramatic explosion in the use and abuse of a wide range of different drugs during the 1960s demonstrated the weakness of this theory. As a result, two treatment programs were developed during the 1960s.词汇：frequency n.屡次,频繁频率周率 analgesia
8、 n.痛觉丢失psychoactive a.心理治疗的 alertness n.机敏,机敏alert a.警觉的;机敏的敏捷的,活泼的 narcotic n.安眠药；麻醉剂23. Paragraph 1_.24. Paragraph 3_.25. Paragraph 4_.26. Paragraph 5_.27. Drugs that speed up_.A. Patterns of drug abuseB. TreatmentC. Drug testing in the workplaceD. Classification of psychoactive drugsE. Definitio2
9、8. Treatment of drug abuse in the United States was practically nonexistent from_.29. It is not always easy to_.30. Estimates of employee drug use very greatly, ranging from_.A. 10 percent to 25 percent for the proportion of workers who use drugs occasionally on the jobB. determine exactly when simple drug use becomes abuseC. the 1920s until the 1960sD. the 1960s until the 1970sE. signals passing through the nervous system 参考答案23. E 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. E 28. C 29. B 30. A
