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1、高三英语总复习之句子系列复习（4）状 语 从 句一、常见状语从句简介概说：由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。（一）时间状语从句 表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the mo
2、ment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.He started as soon as he received the news.Once you see him, you will never forget him.No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.（二）原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原
3、因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。e.g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.As it is raining, I will not go out.Now that you mention it, I do remember.（三）地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。e.g. Sit wherever you like. Make
4、a mark where you have a question.（四）目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.He left early in case he should miss the train.（五）结果状语从句 结果状语从
5、句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so that, such that等引导。 e.g. She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（六）条件状语从句 条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状
6、语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months.You can go swim
7、ming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her. / （七）让步状语从句 让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。e.g. Though he i
8、s a child, he knows a lot.Child as he is, he knows a lot.Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.（八）方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you.He acted as if nothing had happened.（九）比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用than, so (as) as, t
9、he more the more等引导。e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.The busier he is, the happier he feels.（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Ill write to you as soon a
10、s I get to Shanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.If (you are) asked you may come in.If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为
11、例，能引导多种从句。e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）二、状语从句考点透视笔者根据近年高考试题，将状语从句的考点作了较为全面的归纳，让考生在复习备考时，明确状语从句在高考中究竟考什么、怎样考。考点一：时
12、间状语从句1. when ,while ,as 的用法：when 意为“当/在时，每当”；while意为“在期间”，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词；as意为“一边一边，随着”，动词通常为动作动词。如：（1）He transplanted the little tree to the garden _it was the best time for it .A. where B. when C. that D. until 解析：选B，when 引导时间状语从句，句意为：在最合适的时候，他将小树移植了。（2）-I，m going to the post office.-_ youre there ,
13、can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If 解析: 虽然as和while都可表示“在期间”，但as要与动作动词连用，而本题的“are there”是状态，不是动作，只能用while，故选B。2. before 的用法：before的本意为“在之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就，趁着还没就，不知不觉就，才”等。如：（3）The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end .A. after B. before C. wh
14、en D. then解析：美国内战“在北方获胜之前”延续了四年，故选B。（4）Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.A. as B. since C. until D. before 解析：选D，句意为：有人半夜打来电话，但是我还没来得及接，对方就挂了电话。3until 和till 的用法：与肯定式的主句连用，主句谓语必须是延续性动词，till/ until表示“直到”；与否定式的主句连用，且主句谓语是结束性动词时，till/ until表示“直到
15、才”。如：（5）We were told we should follow the main road_ we reached the central railway.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever解析：选B，句意为：有人告诉我们，我们应当沿着这条主道往前走，直走到中心火车站。（6）-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school ? -Yes .He had never praised him_ he became one of the top students in his grade.A. after B. unless C. until D. when解析：选C，句意为：直到他成为全级最优秀的学生，他父亲才表扬他。4表示“一就”的四类从属连词：as soon as= the moment(that); =
