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1、英语语法大表图说语法一名词I.名词的种类:专有名词国名地名人可数名词普通名词不可数名词名,团体机构个体名名称词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数:1.规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:规则1一般情况在词尾加-s例词map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名class-classes,box-boxes,词后加-eswatch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe变-f和-fe为vleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,结尾的再加-e
2、s词加-s4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es以元音字母加y结尾的5名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-s一般加-es以辅音knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wivesbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfsparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-citiestoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henryshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-pot
3、atoes,tomato-tomatoes6字母加-o结尾的名词不少外来词加-s两者皆可piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-soloszero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的radio-radios,名词加-sbamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则1改
4、变名词中的元音字母或其他形式例词man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-micesheep,deer,series,means,2单复数相同works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,ashes,trousers,clothes,3只有复数形式thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents一些集体名词总是用4people,police,cattle,staff作复数部分集体名词既可以audience,class,family,crowd,5作单数(整体)也可以couple,group,com
5、mittee,作复数(成员)government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)Americans,Australians,加-sGermans,Greeks,Swedes,表Europeans示Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,7“某单复数同形
6、Japanese国人”以-man或-woman结尾的改Englishmen,Frenchwomen为-men,-women合8成名将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends词无主体名词时将grown-ups,housewives,最后一部分变为stopwatches复数将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的
7、东西。1.s所有格的构成:单数名词在末尾加stheboysfather,Jacksbook,herson-in-lawsphoto,复数名一般在末尾加theteachersroom,thetwinsmother,词不规则复数名thechildrenstoys,womens词后加srights,以s结尾的人名所有格Dickensnovels,Charlessjob,加s或者theSmithshouse表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加s表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加s表示某人家店铺,所有格后名词省略2.s所有格的用法:JapansandAmericasproblems,JanesandM
8、arysbikesJapanandAmericasproblems,JaneandMarysfatherthedoctors,thebarbers,thetailors,myuncles表示时间2表示自然现象todaysnewspaper,fiveweeksholidaytheearthsatmosphere,thetreesbranches3表示国家城市thecountrysplan,theworlds等地方的名词population,Chinasindustry4表示工作群体theshipscrew,majoritysview,theteamsvictory5表示度量衡及amilesjou
9、rney,fivedollarsworthof价值apples6与人类活动有thelifestime,theplaysplot特殊关系的名词7某些固定词组abirdseyeview,astonesthrow,atoneswitsend(不知所措)3.of所有格的用法:用于无生命的东西:thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名词化的词:thestruggleoftheoppressed二冠词冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。I.
10、不定冠词的用法:1指一类人或事,相当Aplaneisamachinethatcan于akindof2第一次提及某人某fly.Aboyiswaitingforyou.物,非特指3表示“每一”相当于every,one4表示“相同”相当于Westudyeighthoursaday.Wearenearlyofanage.thesame用于人名前,表示不AMr.Smithcametovisityou5认识此人或与某名人whenyouwereout有类似性质的人或事ThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.Acoupleof,abit,onceupona6用于固定词组中用于quite,rather,7many,half,what,time,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatimeThisroomisratherabigone.such之后8用于so(as,too,how)+Sheisascleveragirlasyoucan形容词之后wishtomeet.II.定冠词的用法:1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上独一无二的事theuniverse,themoon,the