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1、Pronouns 代词一、 人称代词1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格 * They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。* She gave the books to you and me.这些书是她送给你和我的。2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 * Whos knocking at the door? Its me. 谁敲门？-是我。3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 “第二人称，第三人称，第一人称” * You, she and I all enjoy the music. 你我她都喜欢音乐。4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等* We lov
2、e our motherland, we hope shell be stronger and bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。* The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等 * What the weather like today? Its windy. 今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。 * Its about five minutes walk from home to school. 从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。6
3、.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳 * Its hard to reach the apples. 很难够到苹果。 * Its good for you taking a walk after supper. 对你来说饭后散步是有好处的二、 物主代词1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语 * My brother is a worker. 我弟弟是个工人。 * His parents are very friendly.他的父母非常友善。2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语 * Whose dictionary is this? Its mine.这字
4、典是谁的？ - 我的。 * Our room is big and theirs is small.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。 * You may use my pen. Ill use hers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。 * These books arent ours. Ours are new. (our books = ours) * This is not our room. Ours is over there. (our room =
5、 ours)4.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属* A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一个妹妹是个护士。 * Tom is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友三、 反身代词1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语 * He thinks more of others than of himself. 他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。 * That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 * He himself was a doctor. 他本人就是一个大夫。 * I myself can work the problem
6、out. 我能亲自算出这道题2.反身代词有以下常见搭配 enjoy oneself = have a good time by oneself = alone help oneself to learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. 注意：oneself 有单复数之分 四、不定代词 all, each, every, both, either, neither， none, one, little, few, many, much，other, another, some, any, no 由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词几
7、组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.some/any some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中 * There are some flowers in front of the house. any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 * Do you have any picture-books?注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中 * Would you like some meat?你想要些肉吗？ * May I ask some questions? 我可以问问题吗？ * Could I have some apples? 我可以吃苹果吗？ * Will you give m
8、e some water? 你能给我些水吗？2. many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词 *There are many eggs in the basket. * Many of us like playing games. much 修饰或指代不可数名词 * He doesnt know much English.3.another/other another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 * I dont want this coat. Please show me another. other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 * Do you have any other qu
9、estions?4. the other/others/the others the other 1. 特指两个中的另一个 * He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor. 2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 * Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.others泛指其他的人或物 * He often helps others. * Some are playing basketball, others are playin
10、g football.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物 * There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词 few, little 表示否定意义, 译为“没有几个”，“没有多少” a few, a little 表示肯定意义, 译为“有几个”，“有一点” * There are few people living he
11、re.这里几乎没人住。 * There are a few students in the classroom.教室里有一些学生。 * I know little English. 我不懂英语。 * There is a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。 few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a * There are quite a few new books in the library. 图书馆里颇有些新书。6.every/each every单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与
12、of 连用 *Every child likes playing games. each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用 *Each student was asked to try again. *Each of them has a nice skirt.7.all/none all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前 * We are all from Canada. They all like English. none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）
13、* None of us is/are afraid of dogs.8.both/either/neither both “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数 * My parents are both teachers. =Both of my parents are teachers. neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 * Neither answer is right. either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 * There are trees on eit
14、her side of the street. = There are trees on both sides of the street.有关词组及应用 A.both of/either of/neither of * Both of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。 * Either of you goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。 * Neither of them stopped to have a rest. 他们俩谁都不停下来休息。B.bothand（谓语动词用复数形式） eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则) * Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。 * Either my father or my mother cooks at home. 或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。 * Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。9.Something/anything/nothing Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这
