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1、定语从句基本用法A good stude ntA develop ing coun tryA developed coun tryA 5-star frie ndA man n amed ChuckA Ian guage widely used定语从句：修饰 某一名词或代词 的主谓结构（完整的基本句子结构 五种句型）。JJ（主句之中）先行词关系词+其它成分在定语从句中必须担当一个成分。定语从句中缺啥就补啥定语从句（The Attributive Clause）（一）定语从句及其作用定从定义说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一 部分）而起定语作用的句子。定从作 用在句子中作定
2、语，修饰句子中的某一名词或代词，从句须放在先 行词之后。先行 词被定语从句所修饰的词关系 词用于引导 个定语从句，代替先行词在从句中充当 定的成分。: 关系词作用1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当个成分。公式：主句（先行词）+定语从句（关联词+从句的其他成 分）关系 词分类关系代词：which that who whom whose关系副词：when where why（二）关系代词的作用1.关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物：which that先行词是人：who that2.关系代词的用法在从句中的句 子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用
3、于限制性 从句先行词代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语Who(m)whichthat定语whose(=of whom)whose(=of which)表语who(m), whosewhich, whosethat探 由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。这类定语从句中who用作主 语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。e.g. This is the man who helped me. The doctor (whom) you are look ing for is in the room.Do you know the man whose n ame is
4、 Wang Yu?探在定语从句中，若先行词指人，其关系代词可用who, whom,也可用 that。e.g. The girl who/that is speaking at the meeting is our monitor.The boy (who/whom/that) you saw just now is my brother.3.关系代词的具体用法及作用1) .who指人，在从句中做主语。女口 : The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who lost
5、his way.2) . whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。女如 Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。女如 The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3) . which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略女如 Football is a game which is liked by mos
6、t boys.This is the pen(which) he bought yesterday.4) . that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从 句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省。如:The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one milli on.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5) . whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语女如 He has a friend whose fat
7、her is a doctor.I once lived in ahouse whose roof has falle n in.The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize. The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.Do you know anyone? / His family is in Xia n.The book is notmine. / The cover of it is red.I live in the room. / The window
8、s of it face south. The chair has bee n repaired. / The leg of it was broke n.Whose引导的定语从句应注意以下几点： whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。女如Thatsthe child whose father is an engin eer. whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。如: Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly hurt, was quickly take n to hospital.I saw a t
9、ree whose leaves were black with disease. whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词的宾语，可以与 介词放在先行词与从句之间。如: The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accide nt.Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a frie nd of mine. whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但词序不同，即whose+ 名词=the + 名词 +of which如: He lives in t
10、he room whose window( the window of which) faces south.The classroom whose door is broke n will soon be repaired.the door of whichThe classroom the door of which is broke n will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?(三)在下列情况下只用
11、that，不用which 先行词是 all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one 等不定 代词时，something两者均可。如:There is nothing (that) I can do.I mean the one that wasbrought yesterday.Is there anything that I can do for you? 先行词被 all, any, every, no, some, little, much，few，one of 等词修饰 时，如: I have read all the
12、 books (that) you gave me.You may takehome any of these books that you like. 先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词最高级修饰时，如: The first thing that we should do is to help him. This is the best no vel (that) I have ever read.She is the most careful girl that Ive ever known. 先行词被the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the sa
13、me, the last修饰时，如: The white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find.The last place (that) we visited was the hospital. This is the same watch that I lost yesterday.Thats the very tool that we are looking for. 当先行词有两个或两个以上时，既有人又有物，定语从句用that引导 (that既可指
14、人也可指物)如: He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.They talked about the things and friends that they could remember. 当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。女如 Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows any thi ng does not know this?Who is the man that i
15、s standing over there?Which is the tool thatyou are look ing for?What did you hear that made you so an gry? 当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时女如 China isnt the country that she used to be 50 years ago. He is no Ion ger the man that he used to be.Its a book that will help you a great deal.The village is noIon ger the one that it used to be. 当主句以There be结构开头时，或关系代词在there be.结构中作实 际主语，且先行词为物如:There is a seat in the corner that is still free. There are two tickets of the film that are for you. 当先行词是基数词时
