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1、 idea,ideology, concept, conception, notion,opinion,thought,view,point of view(1)idea在日常用语中泛指“思想，主意，意见，想法，概念”等。This book gives you a good idea of life in ancient Greece.这本书使你对古希腊的生活有一个清楚的概念。You shouldnt force your ideas on others.你不应该强迫别人接受你的意见。You can have no idea (of) how anxious we have been.你根本不
2、知道我们有多着急。I have an idea that Mr. Smith will not come tomorrow.我认为史密斯先生明天不会来。idea也可指社会某一部分，某一阶级持有的思想、观点、观念等。Once the correct ideas characteristic of the advanced class are grasped by the masses, these ideas will turn into a material force transforming heaven and earth.代表先进阶级的正确思想一旦为群众掌握，就会变成改天换地的物质力量
3、。(2)ideology指代表个人、团体等，特别是形成一种经济或政治制度基础的思想方式、体系，意识形态或观 念，如：bourgeois/Marxist/totalitarian ideologies。Race prejudice is an indispensable part of the ideology of human exploitation.种族偏见是人类剥削意识形态不可分割的一部分。I am defending my Communist ideology, my ideals,the content and significance of my whole life.我捍卫我的共
4、产主义思想体系，我的理想，我整个生命的内涵和意义。(3) concept是对一类事物通过理性概括形成的基本观念、个别具体的概念或思想。A small baby has no concept of right and wrong.婴儿是没有是非观念的。His behavior does not accord with our moral concepts.他的行为不符合我们的道德观念。The scientist presented a new concept of the beginning of the universe.这位科学家对于宇宙的起源提出了一个新观念。The policy was
5、made according to this fundamental strategic concept of his.这项政策是根据他的这一基本战略思想制定的。conception既指概念思想的形成(构思、构想)，也可指个别的、具体的概念、思想。We should foster a high conception of patriotismamong the young students.我们应在青年学生中培养高度的爱国主义思想。The conceptions of education are changing radically with the economic and social r
6、eforms.教育观念随着经济社会的改革正在发生根本的变革。Many people dont have a clear conception of their duties as citizens.许多人对自己的公民义务没有明确的概念。We each should have a correct conception of life.我们每个人都应对生活有一个正确的概念。(5) notion意为“观念，意见，想法，主意”，与idea的含义很接近。I have no notion/idea of what he means.我不清楚他什么意思。I never had the least notio
7、n of your opposing this plan.我一点没料到你会反对这项计划。He has a notion that hes being cheated.他认为有人在骗他。(6) opinion指“信念，意见，看法，主张”，与view意思接近。Whats your opinion/view of the new manager?你对这位新经理有什么看法？Those are only my personal opinions about the affair.这只是我个人对这件事的看法。2 in sb.s opinion,in the opinion of sb.意思是“依照某人的看
8、法或意见”。(另见“according to.”条)opinion还可指团体的意见或看法，群众的见解，用作不可数名词。Opinion is shifting in favor of stiffer penalties for armed robbery.群众的意见趋向于赞成严惩武装抢劫。thought可指“思想活动，思考(过程)，思想，思索，思潮”，有时作“想到”解，用作可数名词还是不可数名词，要根据上下文来决定。There is a passage in this article which gives (us) much food for thought.这篇文章有一段发人深省。Ive g
9、iven careful thought to the matter; youd better not take any action at present. 我对这个问题仔细考虑过了，目前你最好不采取任何行动。I hadnt the least thought of seeing you here on a foreign soil!我一点也没想到会在异国他乡见到你！He was lost/deep in thought.他陷入了沉思。Now,lay aside all those thoughts/get all those thoughts out of your mind,Jane,
10、and look to the future.简，撇开那些想法，向前看。The scientist made great contributions to modern scientific thought.这位科学家对于现代科学思想做出了巨大贡献。If you had any thought for your parents,youwould not grieve them in this way.如果你对父母有所考虑，你就不会这样让他们伤心了。After a great deal of thought, we decided to give up the plan.在仔细考虑之后，我们决定
11、放弃这项计划。He is always full of thought for others.他总是非常关心他人。He always keeps his thoughts to himself.他从不向人吐露心事。He has given up all his thought of marrying Jane.他完全放弃了和简结婚的想法。thought还指某一时期、某个阶层、国家等的思想、思潮，如：the thought of the working class,modern thought等。thought用作思想时，比idea更具有全面系统性。His speech was full of
12、striking thoughts.他的演说充满惊人/非凡的见解。Lu Xuns works are full of profound thoughts.鲁迅的著作充满着深刻的思想。thought还作“心意”解。Its not the gift, its the thought that counts.重要的是这份情谊，不是礼物。5短语at the thought of表示“一想到，想到时”。Tears filled her eyes at the (very) thought that she might never see him again.她一想到她可能再也见不到他了，眼里就充满了泪水
13、。At the mere thought of the examination, his heart began to beat fiercely.一想到考试，他的心就跳得厉害。(8) view可表示“个人的看法、观点、见解、对某事的态度”，多数情况下可与opinion换用。I should like to hear others views/opinions on the matter.我想听听别人对这件事的看法。It might help me if you would give me your views/opinions.如果你能提出你的看法，可能会对我有所帮助。It proved d
14、ifficult to get him to change his political views.要他改变政治观点原来很困难。It was surprising that he should hold such view of life.令人吃惊的是他竟然有这样的生活观。point of view/viewpoint本指“观察点，视点”，引申作“观点，看法”解，这种“观点”或“看法”是由于生活中的地位或身份而形成的。In spite of his disapproval,he respected his sons point of view.尽管他不赞成，他还是尊重他儿子的观点。I was
15、surprised to discover that our viewpoints were quite different on the matter.我吃惊地发现，我们在这个问题上的观点大相径庭。From the commercial point of view, they have little to lose.从商业的观点来说，他们的损失很小。Try to look at school from the childs point ofview.要设法从孩子的观点来看待学校。 if,as/so long as, assuming that,provided(that),providing(that),supposing (that), on condition that(1)这些词语均可用作连接词，由它们引导的从句中所要求的动词形式也相同。as/so long as, provided, providing, on condition that强调该满足的条件，if,assuming that, supposing (that)则侧重假设的情况。Youll certainly pass the examination if/as long as/providing/provided/on condition that you study harder.如果/只要你再
