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1、射阳县高级中学2014年春学期高三英语语法复习导学案Revision of the Non-Finite Verbs（非谓语动词复习）主备人: 智玉祥 审核人：陈平成分形式主语宾语补语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词一、不定式： 一般式的构成:_to do_; （被动） to be done_完成式的构成:_to have done； （被动）to have been done进行式的构成: to be doing The crowd cheered wildly at the sight if Liu Xiang, who was reported _to have broken (
2、break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _to be ed(repair) first is the library. 1. 不定式作主语不定式短语可直接放在句首作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。To study English today is the most important task to me.It is my honor here to be i
3、nvited to spend some time with you. 2. 不定式作表语不定式作表语, 通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。Today my job is to water all the flowers in the garden.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.3. 不定式作宾语 常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford，arrange，want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn,
4、 pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, help, dare, determine, decline, fail, manage, beg, demand, offer, prepare, claim, struggle, choose, elect, undertake, seek, attempt, volunteer etc. We agreed_to _(meet)here, but so far he hasnt turned up yet. When his father came back, the boy pretended_to be in
5、g (do) his homework. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _to be d (hear).4不定式作宾补 (1)如下动词(短语)常跟带to的不定式作宾补：get, remind, want, wish, ask, tell, order, command, instruct, request, beg, permit, allow, help, advise, persuade, prepare, invite, cause, force, call on, wait fo
6、r, count on, rely on, depend on, would like等。 We cant count on a man like Jim _ to (give)us the necessary help. 但hope, suggest, agree, demand, arrange, approve等动词后不能接sb to do sth.结构(2) 一些感官动词和使役动词如feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at等与不带to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，要加to,
7、 如： I saw him cross the road.He was seen _to cross_ the road. 5.不定式作定语 （1） 不定式用在the first, the second, the last, the only等短语后面。 John was the last man _to _(invite) to dinner in our family.（2）不定式作定语，与被修饰的中心名词之间常表现为主谓或动宾关系 The next train _to _(arrive) was from New York. （主谓关系） It was a game _to be ed_
8、(remember).（动宾关系）注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词，如：The child _has nothing to worry about_(没什么可担忧的).如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： I think the best way to travel (by) is on foot.There is no time to think (about).He has no place _to live (in) (住). This is the best way _to solve the problem (解这道题).6.不定式作状语1）表目的
9、：不定式作目的状语，in order to既可放句首也可放句中。so as to一般不放句首。注意不定式作状语时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： (T/F)：To save money, every means has been tried. F(T/F)：To save money, he has tried every means. TWith Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for my dad. _In order_not _to_lose his
10、job, Tom kept quiet about the accident.2)表原因： We were astonished _to _ (find) the temple still in its original condition.这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy, glad, delighted, pleased, sorry, eager, anxious, lucky, fortunate, proud, angry, surprised, frightened, disappointed, ready, clever, foolish, worthy3)表结果： 具体形式
11、是：too + adj./adv. + to do 太而不能 adj./adv. + enough + to do足以 only/ just to do表示出乎意料的结果 soas to如此以致于 He arrived late only to find the train gone_(发现火车走了).Do you think you are brave enough to try bungee jumping?Its too dark for us to see anything.4) 用于“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构。形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, comfo
12、rtable, fit, convenient, pleasant等， 不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系， 不定式常用主动形式。 The armchair is very comfortable _to sit in_(坐).7.不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。（want to, wish to, hope to, like to, hate to, plan to, try to, love to, have to, ought to, need to, used to, be able to, be glad/happy to）但to后be, have不省。If you
13、 dont want to do it, you dont need to. He is not a teacher now, but he used to be.（二）动名词： 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 1、动名词的形式（doing, being done, having done, having been done） (1) 一般式： Seeing is _believing_ (眼见为实). (2) 被动式：He came to the party without being invited (未被邀请) .(3) 完成式：We remembered _havi
14、ng seen the film_ (看过这部电影) .(4) 完成被动式：He forgot having been taken (take) to Guangzhou when he was five years old. (5) 否定式：_not doing/not having done_I regret _not having followed his advice_ 我后悔没听他的劝告.(6) 复合结构：所有格/宾格+ 动名词 (作主语只能用所有格)He suggested _our/us trying_ (我们再试) it once again._His not understanding English_(他不懂英语)troubled him a lot. 2、动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语： _Reading aloud_(朗读)is very helpful.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 Its _no use quarrelling_（争吵是没用的）. （2）作表语： In the ant city, the queens job is _laying eggs (产卵).（3）作宾语： They havent finished _building a dam_ (建好大坝) .We have to _prevent the air from
