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1、中国教育学会十一五规划课题国家英语课程标准阅读目标校本化实施策略实验课题前测试卷（江西省南昌市洪都中学课题组）2008.10Task 1Read the passage and then finish the exercises after it to challenge your reading ability: When people think about air pollution, they usually think about smog, acid rain, and other forms of outdoor air pollution. But did you know t
2、hat air pollution also can exist inside homes and other buildings? It can, and every year, the health of many people is affected by chemical substances present in the air within buildings.What is Air Pollution?Air is the ocean we breathe. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies
3、 to live. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer. Each of
4、 these problems has serious implications for our health as well as for the whole environment. Outdoor Air PollutionOne type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke is a good example of this particulate matter . Some authorities believe tha
5、t even the burning of wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quanitites of soot into the air. Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemic
6、al reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. Smog is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Cities are often centers of these ty
7、pes of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year. Another consequence of outdoor air pollution is acid rain. When a pollutant, such as sulfuric acid combines with droplets of water in the air, the water (or snow) can become acidified . The ef
8、fects of acid rain on the environment can be very serious. It damages plants by destroying their leaves, it poisons the soil, and it changes the chemistry of lakes and streams. Damage due to acid rain kills trees and harms animals, fish, and other wildlife. The Greenhouse Effect, also referred to as
9、 global warming, is generally believed to come from the build up of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burned. Plants convert carbon dioxide back to oxygen, but the release of carbon dioxide from human activities is higher than the worlds plants can proce
10、ss. The situation is made worse since many of the earths forests are being removed, and plant life is being damaged by acid rain. Thus, the amount of carbon dioxide in the air is continuing to increase. This buildup acts like a blanket and traps heat close to the surface of our earth. Changes of eve
11、n a few degrees will affect us all through changes in the climate and even the possibility that the polar ice caps may melt. (One of the consequences of polar ice cap melting would be a rise in global sea level, resulting in widespread coastal flooding.)Pollution also needs to be considered inside o
12、ur homes, offices, and schools. Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. In the United States, people spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, and so our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consid
13、er both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor Air PollutionMany people spend large part of time indoorsas much as 80-90% of their lives. We work, study, eat, drink and sleep in enclosed environments where air circulation may be restricted. For these reasons, some experts feel that more people suf
14、fer from the effects of indoor air pollution than outdoor pollution. There are many sources of indoor air pollution. Tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from building materials, paints, furniture, etc. cause pollution inside buildings.Both indoor and outdoor pollution need to b
15、e controlled and/or prevented. How can we prevent the damaging effects of air pollution? 1. What is the topic of the first part “The Air Pollution”? A. The effects of indoor air pollution. B. The effects of outdoor air pollution. C. The features and effects of air pollution.2. What is the topic of t
16、he first part“Outdoor Air Pollution”? A. Different types of outdoor air pollution and the effects. B. Different effects of outdoor air pollution. C. The differences between indoor and outdoor air pollution.3. What is the topic of the first part “Indoor Air Pollution”? A. The seriousness of indoor air pollution. B. The different ways to prevent indoor air pollution. C. The introduction to indoor air pollution.4. What
