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1、 主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 Jane and Mary look healthy and strongThe number of mistakes was surprising2. 意义一致：指
2、主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：The crowd were running for their livesMy family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people，police，cattle，militia（民兵）等。2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如：The news was very excitingTwenty dollars is too expens
3、ive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。形复意单的单词有news，works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，mathematics等。3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。如用连词or，eitheror，neither.nor，not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this例如： Not only the teacher but also his s
4、tudents like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场
5、上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one _is_ good at English.(be) -More than one student _is_ good at English.(be) . More than one, More than one student :“不止一个”的意思，与谓语动词的一致由于在含义上的不直接，取形式上的一直，所以用单数，than是“
6、比”的意思； - More students than one _are_ good at English.(be) . More students than one :“很多学生都（而不是一个）”，在意思上复数意义更明确，取的是意思上的一致，句中than不是“比”，而是“而不是”的意思。比较：Many a boy likes swimming.=Many boys like swimming. 许多男孩子喜欢游泳。More than one student has read the book.=More students than one have read the book. 不止一个学生
7、读过这书。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 5. 主语是each/ev
8、ery+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is
9、good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去
10、过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is comin
11、g. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都
12、喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has a
13、n English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。 14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个
14、名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of,
15、a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred17以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 There is a book and three
