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1、英美文化概况问答题以及答案：1. What are the some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? Can political reform in China borrow anything from that? 美国政府三大部门的一些主要权利是什么？三大部门之间如何制约和平衡？中国的政治改革能否从中借鉴什么？AWhat are the some
2、 of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government?The three branchesthe Legislative, the Executive, headed by the president. And the Judicial, headed by the Supreme Court. The Legislative, including both houses of Congress (the Senate and the House of Representative) 。The legis
3、lative branch(立法机构）is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes and declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. The Executive, headed by the president. The president can appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. All such court appoin
4、tments are subject to confirmation by the Senate. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces. The judicial branch(司法机构) is headed by the Supreme Court w
5、ith a chief justice and 8 associate justices. The Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution and other cases which do not arise out of individual states. The Supreme Court has the judicial review power.BHow are the three branches supposed to check and balance each ot
6、her?System of “checks and balances (制约与平衡的原则)” of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another.CCan political reform in China borrow anything from that?China does not make the separation, but can absorb the reasonable factors. The peoples
7、 congress system is a basic system suitable to Chinas national conditions. It directly reflects that peoples democratic dictatorship is national nature in our country, reflected the whole picture of our political life and is the basic forms and means for the people to be the masters of democratic ri
8、ghts.(中国不搞三权分立，但可以吸收其合理的因素。人民代表大会制度是比较符合我国国情的根本制度，它直接反映我国人民民主专政的国家性质，体现了我国政治生活的全貌，是人民实现当家作主的民主权利的基本形式和途径)2. “British history is a history of invasion”. Please illustrate this point. How did each of the invasions influence English culture? “英国的历史是侵略的历史”请说明这个观点。每次侵略是如何影响英国文化的？Before the 1st century AD
9、, be made up of tribal kingdoms of Celtic people凯尔特人1.In 43AD, invaded by the Roman Empire罗马帝国, and England and Wales (though not Scotland and Ireland) became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400years(till the 5th century AD) 2.The Germanic日尔曼人 (the Angles盎格鲁人 and the Saxon 撒克逊人) invasion, the
10、Anglo-Saxons either absorbed the Celtic people, or pushed them to the western or northern edges of Britain (Glasgow, Scottish Celts). Anglo-Saxon invaders became the forefathers of the English, the founders of “Angle-land” or “England” as it has become known.3.From the late 8th century on,( till the
11、 10th) raiders from Scandinavia(斯堪的纳维亚), the ferocious Vikings(北欧海盗), threatened Britains shores, leading to large areas of northern and eastern England were under their control. (the difference between the northerners and the southerners sophisticated, arrogant, unfriendly and richer) 4.The year of
12、 1066, Norman(诺曼人,from northern France, who were descendents of Vikings) invasion; Under William Normandy (known as “William the Conqueror”征服者威廉一世 ),they crossed the English Channel in 1066, and in the Battle of Hastings, defeated an English army under King Harold(英格兰最后一位撒克逊民族的国王). This marks the la
13、st time that an army from3In the late 1980s and the early 1990s the world saw great changes. What new strategy did the US form after that? 在1980s末和1990s初世界发生了巨大的变化。在那之后美国的新政策是什么？In the late1980s and early 1990s the world witnessed the most remarkable changes since the WWII. The fall of the Berlin Wa
14、ll in 1989, the change of the color of the Eastern European countries and the disintegration of the SU at the end of 1991 radically changed the balance of power in the world. American strategic planners again brought up the idea of a Plax Americana. Its national strategy was engagement and expansion
15、, which means the US, will take a more active part in world affairs and will more actively promote market economy and American style democracy in the world. What is preemption in the Bush Doctrine? 在布什主义中得到优先权是什么？In an address delivered to the West Point graduates, President Bush, for the first time
16、, put forward the strategy of preemption, which is formalized in the National Security Strategy issued in Sept. 2002.By preemption, the US means that when it determines that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction or has the potential to possess such weapons, the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or
