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1、形容词形容词(Adjective)用来修饰名词或代词，描绘人和事物的特征。形容词在句中一般用作定语、主语补语或宾语补语。补语性形容词和定语性形容词根据形容词的句法功能，形容词可以分为补语性形容词和定语性形容词。多数形容词既可以作名词的修饰语又可以作主语的补语。1.只能作补语的形容词(1)以a-开头的形容词，如alone 单独，asleep 熟睡的，awake醒着的，alive活着的，alike同样的，afraid 害怕，ashamed羞愧看下例：He is fast asleep in his bedroom.他在卧室熟睡。We are fully aware of the difficult
2、y.我们充分认识到困难。I felt ashamed of my terrible mistake.我为自己的严重错误感到羞愧。Paul was again absent from the meeting.鲍尔开会再次缺席。(2) 表示健康状况的形容词well 健康，ill 患病，faint 虚弱。例如：I didnt feel well, but the doctor said it was nothing serious.我感觉不舒服，可医生说没什么要紧。His strength grew faint as he was getting on in years.他上了年纪，体力虚弱。(3)
3、 某些表示情感和心理状态的形容词。例如：Im glad of your great success in your study.我为你学习上的巨大成功感到高兴。Shella was sorry about what she had done.希拉对自己的行为感到后悔。My grandfather is fond of cycling.我祖父喜欢骑自行车。He is content with his present job and position.他满足于自己的工作和地位。I am still not sure of certain grammar items.对某些语法项目我仍无把握。其他如
4、worth,scarce,unable也只作补语。例如：To my surprise, the jacket was worth only 50 yuan.我吃惊的是这件上衣只要50元。Because of the rainy weather, watermelons are scarce.由于多雨，西瓜很少。The baby is already one year old, but it is still unable to walk.这个婴孩已满周岁，但还不会走路。作补语和定语具有不同意义的形容词某些形容词可以同时作补语和定语，具有不同的意义。例如：The work is now comp
5、lete.工作现在已完成。The library has a complete set of Lu Xuns works. 图书馆有完整的一套鲁迅全集。(I am ready to set off.我已准备好出发。I cant give you a ready answer to the question.我不能给你问题的现成的答案。The problem is worthy to be studied.这个问题值得研究。He is living a worthy life.他过着有意义的生活。He is fond of classical music.他喜爱古典音乐。He is a fond
6、 father at home.他在家里是个溺爱孩子的父亲。She looked almost faint.她看上去几乎很虚弱。There is a faint hope that he may be cured. 他可能治愈的希望很微弱。It wasnt a recorded show. It was live.这不是演出录像，是实况。The woman came back with a few live fish. 这位妇女带回几条活鱼。She fell ill after she returned from Italy.从意大利回来后她生病了。The medicine is suppos
7、ed to have ill effect on children.据认为这药对儿童有不良的作用。I am not certain who he is.我不能确信他是谁。I know he did that for a certain reason. 我知道他干那件事是出于某种理由。容易混淆的几对形容词另有些与补语性形容词意义相同的定语性形容词，应注意它们的用法不同。例如：The old man likes to be alone in the garden.这老头喜欢独自在花园里。The lonely old man keeps a dog as a pet.孤独的老头养着一条狗作宠物。Sh
8、e has been ill for several days.她病了几天。The nurse tended the sick lady day and night.护士日夜护理患病的女士。Who is the greatest writer alive in the world today?谁是当今世界上活着的最伟大的作家？She was then the best living writer in the country.她是当时这个国家活着的最好的作家。只能作定语的形容词(1)由名词派生而来的形容词Agricultural development is important to a co
9、untry.农业的发展对一个国家很重要。This is the first atomic ship in our country.这是我国第一艘原子能船。Read the passage and grasp its central idea.阅读这篇短文并抓住大意。(2) -ly结尾表示时间的形容词，如daily每日的，weekly每周的，monthly每月的，yearly每年的，等。Television has become a necessary part of our daily life. 电视已成为我们日常生活必不可少的部分。This is a weekly magazine.这是一
10、本周刊。(3) 其他如former从前的，latter后半的，inner 内部的，outer 外部的，elder年长的，only唯一的。例如：I call on my former teacher from time to time.我常去看望我从前的老师。We had a lot of work to do in the latter half of the month.下半个月我们有许多工作要干。I found a tiny hole in the inner tube of my bike.我发现我自行车的内胎有个小洞。There is no gravity in outer space
11、.外层空间不存在重力。White turned out to be my long-lost elder brother.怀特原来是我失散已久的哥哥。The old piano is the only valuable thing in my house.这架旧钢琴是我家里唯一值钱的东西。具有主动意义和被动意义的形容词比较有些形容词表示主动的意义，可解释为“令人的”，同时有一个相应的形容词或分词表示被动的意义，可译为“感到的”。例如：His achievement is satisfactory.他的成就令人满意。He seemed satisfied with his achievement
12、.他似乎对自己的成就感到满意。They have just moved into a pleasant room.他们刚搬进一间舒适的房间。They were pleased with their new room.他们对自己的新房间很满意。The girl froze at the terrible scene.姑娘被可怕的场面吓呆了。The girl was terrified at the scene.姑娘对这个场面感到害怕。这类形容词还有：tiresome 令人疲劳的 tired疲劳的shameful可耻的 ashamed感到羞耻的troublesome令人烦恼的troubled感到烦
13、恼的delightful 令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的else的用法else作为形容词可以作someone(-thing,-body)，anyone (-thing,-body),nobody(-thing)的后置定语，意为“别的，其他的”。例如：Do you want anything else?你还要别的什么东西？No, nothing else.不，不要了。Only Betty can ride a horse. Nobody else can.只有贝蒂会骑马。别人都不会。与 someone(-body), anyone (-body), no one(nobody)连用时还
14、可以有属格形式。例如：Its not my notebook. It must be someone elses.这不是我的笔记本。一定是别的什么人的。Lucys voice is better than anyone elses.露茜的嗓子比其他任何人都好。else还常用于疑问代词之后。例如：What else did she say?她还说了些什么？(Who else knows Japanese here?这儿还有谁懂日语？Who elses /Whose else could the handbag be?这手提包会是谁的呢？else还可用作副词，用于疑问副词，如where，when,
15、how以及具有不定意义的副词，如somewhere，anywhere,nowhere后，表示“其他，另外”。例如：Where else could he have gone?他还会去哪里呢？When else can you come if you cant come tonight?如果你今晚不能来，你还能什么时候来？We didnt go anywhere else that day.那天我们没去其他地方。副词副词(Adverb)在句中一般修饰动词、形容词和副词用作状语，表示时间、地点、方式、频度、程度或起连接作用。常用时间副词用法辨析1.ago,before“时间段+ago”表示从现在算起往前推算的“一段时间以前”，而“时间段+before”则表示从过去某时刻再往前推算的“一段时间以前”。例如：The Foxes left for Rome on holiday two days ago.福克斯一家两天前去罗马度假。He telephoned us, saying that the F
