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1、简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只
2、有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous.
3、前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
4、：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or
5、 youll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work
6、from dawn until dark. 按要求完成下列句子：1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _?（完成反意疑问）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evenin
7、g.(改为一般疑问句)6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）8. They could hardly believe his words, _?（完成反意疑问）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）答案1. He doesnt dare to
8、tell the truth. 或He dare not tell the truth. 2. How long have they lived here? 3. wont there 4. Be careful with your pronunciation. 5. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening? 6. What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is! 7. How often does this magazine come out?
9、 8. could they 9. How brightly the moon is shining! 10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?it作形式主语常见句式动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not.2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a
10、fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not. 3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如：It is reported that 16 people were killed
11、 in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等， 如：It seemed that he didnt tell the truth.It happened that I was out when he called.5. It + be + 形容词 + for sb.）+ 动词不定式这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult,
12、hard, important, possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，如：Its necessary for the young to master two foreign language.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise 6. It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind,
13、nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：Its very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me.It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.7. It +
14、be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如：It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8. It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：Its a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.9. It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：It took the wo
15、rkers almost three years to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.实战演练：1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (NMET 1997)A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever2. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (2001 上海)A. this B. that C. there D. it3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international langu
