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1、surround sE5raund vt. 包围，环境computational 7kCmpju(:)5teiFEnEl adj. 计算上的discrete dis5kri:t adj. 不连续的，离散的constrain kEn5strein v. 抑制，约束；束缚decimal 5desimEl adj. 十进的，十进位的judicious dVu(:)5diFEs adj .明智的，明断的equivalent i5kwivElEnt adj. 相等的，相当的intangible in5tAndVEbl adj. 难以明了的,无形的specify 5spesifai v. 指定，载明man
2、ipulation mE7nipju5leiFEn n. 处理，操作algorithm n. 算法fractional n. 片断，分数warrant v. 保证，担保concatenate v. 连接，链接spindle n. 轴，杆，心轴simultaneously adv. 同时地dedicated adj. 专用的variable n. 变量，变数(1) coding techniques(2) application software(3) floating point data(4) timesharing(5) storage capacities 1. 编码技术 2. 应用软件
3、 3. 浮点数据 4. 分时，分时技术 5. 存储容量1. By using various coding techniques, groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers but also other discrete symbols. 1.通过应用各种编码技术。一组二进制不但可以表示二进制数据，而且还可以表示其他离散符号，如十进制数字或字母表中的字母。VIII. Translate the following into English.2. System software includes not onl
4、y the complex programs used by technicians to create application software in the first place but also the organizational programs needed to start up the computer and govern its use of other programs. 2.另一方面，系统软件控制计算机系统，它不仅包括专业人员用于创建应用软件的复杂程序，而且还包括用于启动计算机和提供给其它程序使用的管理程序。VIII. Translate the following
5、into English.3. Data are numbers and other binary-code information that are operated on to achieve required computational results. 3.数据是数字和其他二进制代码信息，这些二进制代码信息是可操作并能满足要求的计算机结果。VIII. Translate the following into English.4. Rather than arithmetically or logically manipulating characters, a computer may
6、 concatenate strings of characters, replace some characters with others, or otherwise manipulate character strings. 4.计算机能将若干字符连成串，而不是用算术方法或逻辑方法处理字符，用串代替其它字符或另行处理字符串。VIII. Translate the following into English.5. Software applications like word processing, electronic spreadsheets, database management
7、 programs, painting and drawing programs, desktop publishing, and so forth became commercially available, giving more people reasons to use a computer.5.软件应用像文字处理、电子表格、数据库管理程序、画图程序及桌面印刷等等起到一定的商业效力，使更多的人去使用计算机。generic adj. 类的，一般的, 普通的execute :t vt. 执行，实行uppermost adj. 至上的，最主要的specify vt. 指定，详细说明，列入清单
8、transmit vt. 传输，转送similarly adv. 同样地，类似于mechanism n. 机械装置，机制accessible adj. 易接近的，可到达的architecture n. 体系机构operand n. 操作数combinatorial adj. 组合的 supervise v. 监督，管理 generate vt. 产生，发生sequence n. 次序，顺序dictate v. 指令，指示，命令hierarchy n. 层次random adj. 任意的，随机的volatile adj. 挥发性的，可变的secondary adj. 次要的，二级的differe
9、ntiate v. 区别，区分dynamic adj. 动力的，动态的attach vt. 缚上，系上fabricate vt. 制作，构成fuse :z n. 保险丝，熔丝erasable adj. 可消除的，可抹去的ultraviolet adj. 紫外线的，紫外的prototype n. 原型auxiliary adj. 辅助的 alphanumeric adj. 字母与数字混合编排的kiosk n. 书报亭，报摊infrared adj. 红外线的squirt :t v. 喷出octagonal adj. 八边形的，八角形的synchronization n. 同时(性)；物同步ini
10、tiate vt. 开始，发动vector n. 数 向量，矢量implement vt. 贯彻，实现predetermined v. 预定，预先确定1. system buses2. virtual memory3. computer architecture4. instruction set5. direct memory access1.系统总线2.虚拟存储器3.计算机体系结构 4.指令集 5.直接存储器存取1. By asserting these internal and external control signals in the proper sequence, the co
11、ntrol unit causes the CPU and the rest of the computer to perform the operation needed to correctly process instructions. 1.为了保证内部和外部控制信号的序列正确，控制单元保证CPU和计算机的其他部件提供需要正确执行的指令操作。VIII. Translate the following into English.2. In a computer with virtual memory, less-used parts of programs are shifted from
12、 RAM to a hard disk and are moved back only when needed. 2.在使用了虚拟存储器的计算机中，很少使用的程序从RAM被移到硬盘中，仅当需要时才被移回来。VIII. Translate the following into English.3. A technique used to compensate for the mismatch in operating speeds is to employ an extremely fast, small cache between the CPU and main memory whose a
13、ccess time is close to processor logic clock cycle time. 3. 为了弥补操作速度的不匹配，在CPU和主存之间采用非常快的小缓存，它的存取时间接近于处理器的逻辑时钟周期。VIII. Translate the following into English.4. The data transfer rate of peripherals is usually slower than the transfer rate of the CPU, and consequently, a synchronization mechanism may b
14、e needed.4.外设的数据传输速率通常比CPU的传输速率慢，因此就需要一个同步装置。VIII. Translate the following into English.5. In some computers the interrupt vector is an address that points to a location in memory where the beginning address of the I/O service routine is stored. 5.在一些计算机中，中断向量是一个地址，它指向存储器中存储I/O服务程序起始地址的单元。parallel 5pArElel adj. 平行的，类似的，并联的sequential si5kwinFEl adj. 连续的；顺次 序的concurrent kEn5kQrEnt adj. 并发的，协作的ac
