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1、选修6语法Grammar it的用法一、 指代（后行）it: 1. It的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物。如：Whatever you do or say, ask yourself whether it is in the interests of the people.A: Pass me a blue pen.B: Here it is / Here you are.2. it, that, one, the one, ones, the ones 用于指代用法时的区别: it代替上文提及的原物(复数用they)；one指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数（复数ones）；that指代
2、上文提及的定指的可数名词单数或不可数名词（复数those）, the ones 相当于these, those。There is a river along the village. _ is a river with a long history.The red pen is on the desk and _ is Toms. This pen is mine and _ is Toms.This pen is mine and _ on the desk is Toms.Mother bought a new bike and gave _ to me.My mother bought
3、me a new dictionary and her mother will buy her _ too.Milk with sugar tastes better than _ without sugar.A pencil with rubber is more useful than _ without rubber.Bikes made in Shanghai are better than _ made in Changsha.2）用以代替提示代词this, that。 Whats this? Its a knife. Whose watch is that? Its mine. （
4、3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。 Who is knocking at the door? Its me. （4）指环境情况等。 It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment. （5）指时间、季节等。 What time is it? Its eight oclock. It often rains in summer here. （6）指距离。 It is a long way to the school. （7）作形式主语。 It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is no us
5、e crying over spilt milk. It is as pity that you didnt read the book. （8）作形式宾语。 I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English. He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject. （9）用于强调结构。 It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night. It was i
6、n the street that I met Xiaoming last night. It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street. It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night. 2、含有“It is ”的句型 （1）It is time (for sb.) to do sth. It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虚拟语气) （2）It is + 形容词（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth. 通常用 of的词有brave、c
7、lever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。 （3）It is + 形容词 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虚拟语气） 能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。如： It is important t
8、hat we should pay close attention to grain. It is natural that he（should）say so. （4）It is no use/ good + doing sth. It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again. （5）It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + Was it in the street that you met her? Who was it that called him“comrade”? It was not until yes
9、terday that I met my old friend. It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.（注意上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”） 比较：It is a small factory where my brother is going to work.（定语从句） （6）It is said/reported/announced/ (well) known that （7）It is/was + 时间 + since 从已多久了。 It is three years since I met him in B
10、eijing. It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain village with these farmers.（注意两句中的时态） It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到纽约已经五个月了。 It is five months since I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。 （注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。） （8）It is + 时间 + before 这个句型和上面
11、句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、three hours、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。 It will be several years before we meet again. 我们要过好几年才能再见面。 It was not long before they set out for the front. 不久他们就出发去了前线。 （9）It is /was/will be the first/second/third time that It is the first time tha
12、t I have been here. It was the second time that he had seen the film. （10）It is up to sb. to do sth 应由某人做某事。 It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.3. He didnt find he had his wallet stolen until he got off the bus. Not until he got off the bus did he find he had his wallet stolen It was
13、not until he got off the bus that he found he had his wallet stolen. Was it not until he got off the bus that he found he had his wallet stolen? When was it that he found he had his wallet stolen?现在分词作状语定义:伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 例如： He sat in the armchair，reading a
14、 newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。 All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。伴随状语出现的条件: 是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。编辑本段随状语几种表示方法 ： 一、使用分词形式 The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。 The master en
15、tered the room,followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗)。二、 用with复合结构 The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。 三、用独立主格结构 The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。 四、用形容词 Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家)。 Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard(运动员们对比赛夺胜满怀信心奋力拼搏)。 The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播)。 He left home young an
