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1、名词I. 名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名.地名.人名，团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II. 名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-t
2、hieves, knife-knives, wife-wives加-s roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days 6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, kilo-kilos7以元音字母加-o结尾
3、的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, month-months,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, , fish, yuan, 3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, goods, glasses, 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police,
4、5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, 7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Europeans单复数同形Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将两部分变为复数women singers, men teachers Child-childrenIII. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东
5、西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, 表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doc
6、tors, my uncles3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book；the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。. 名词作定语的用法名词作定语一般用单数，如shoe shops;但也有特殊情况，用复数做定语的有：1. 固定用法sports meeting;2. man, woman,等作定语时，其单数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：men works ; women teachers ; .名词的辨析1. sound ,noise , vo
7、ice 的区别： sound指各种声音；noise主要指噪音；voice指人的嗓音。2. 常考易混词组 information信息，（不可数）；message消息;invention发明;instruction 说明书； advice建议（不可数） ；advertisement广告；news 消息（不可数）；direction方向； excuse 借口，理由；experience 经验，经历；expression 表达； exhibition 展览，显示；展览会； reason理由; furniture 家具（不可数）练习1、There is good_ for you. Ive found
8、your lost watch. 广东省A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts2、My uncle will come to my house for dinnerI want to buy some _to make a vegetable salad for him济宁Ameat Btomatoes Capple juice3、The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. 重庆A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers
9、 4、At night the koala bear gets up and eats_广元A1eaf B1eaves C leafs 5、The PLA man saved three _lives in the accident济南Achildrens Bchildren Cchild Dchilds6、Come on，childrenHelp yourselves to some_ if you like南通Afish and chicken Bfishes and chickenCfish and chickens Dfishes and chickens7、All the _teac
10、hers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday 重庆Aman Bmen Cwoman Dwomen8、Mr Smith always has _to tell us青岛Asome good pieces of news B some pieces of good news Csome good piece of newes Dsome piece of good newes 9、Would you like to have a look at some pants?They may fit you we
11、ll一Well，Id like to try those blue_.黄冈Apairs Bone Cpant Dpair10、Would you like some drinks, boys? 河北 Yes, , please.A.some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D.two bottles of orange11、 exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam.黄冈A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. Ho
12、w, the12、_fathers are both scientists 咸宁 AJims and Bob BJims and Bobs CJim and Bobs DJim and Bob13、_room is big and brightThey like it very much 河北ATom and Sam BToms find Sam CTom and Sams DToms and Sams14、Hows Joys skirt?Her skirt is more beautiful than . 兰州A. her sisters and Kate B. her sister and
13、 Kate C. her sister and Kates D. her sisters and Kates15、Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here?No, its about _.（浙江宁波）A. 7 minutes walkB. 7 minute walkC. 7 minutes walkD. 7 minutes walk16、Come and see me in . With pleasureThats what Im expecting哈尔滨 Atwo or three daysBtwo or three days timeCtwo or three days time17、Im going on holiday on the 12thI have to be back at work on the 26th.So Ive got two_ holiday临沂Aweeks Bweeks Cweeks Dweek18. These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors
