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1、抽丝剥茧拆难句，巧避5类陷阱在高考语法填空试题中，经常会出现比较复杂的长难句，如果句子结构分析不当，就会直接影响对考点的判断，进而影响答题。一般可通过以下步骤提取主干：首先要断句，即找标点、找连接词;然后进行简化，去掉非核心成分(各种插入语、从句、定语、状语、同位语等);最后留下主干(主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾或主谓宾宾补)。只有抓住句子主干，才能巧妙避开设题陷阱。类型1相似的句式结构调研1 Though it(the endless series of steps)is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still
2、it highlights the whole adventure offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.分析 逗号前为Though引导的让步状语从句，其后为主句，主句句式分析如下：still it highlights the whole adventure-offers a place(where you can sit down to rest your aching legs) 主语 谓语1 宾语1 谓语2 宾语2（先行词） 定语从句 部分考生看到上述句子中出现了名词+谓语+宾语结构，便根据做题经验
3、将此处认作定语从句，错填which。但此处表示但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个让你能坐下来休息一下疼痛的双腿的地方,offers a place的发出者也是it(the endless series of steps),而不是空前的adventure,即谓语1和谓语2为并列关系，故填and。类型2 多个从句套用，句子关系复杂调研2 New methods will also be used during this census,including online information registration,and_(apply)of electronic devices and bi
4、g data,will be convenient for people who are not living where they are_(official)registered,as well as those who do not want_(bother)by door-to-doorsurveys.句式分析如下 New methods will also be used during this census,including online information registration,and _( apply)of主语 谓语 状语where they are (officia
5、l) 非限制性定语从句 定语从句 地点状语从句registered,as well as thoseas well as those who do not want_(bother)by door-to-door surveys. 定语从句electronic devices and big data,_will be convenient for peoplewho are not living 本句句式结构复杂，包含四个从句，且设置了四个空，难度较太。句意;本次人口资查期间还将采用新的方法，包括网上信息登记及应用电予设备和大数据，这对于不在户籍所在地居住的人以及那些不想被挨家挨户调查打扰的
6、人来说是方便的。由上述分析可知，online information registration和(apply)of electronic devices and big data”并列作介词including的宾语，结合空后的of可知，第1空应使用名词，故填application;第2空引导非限制性定语从句，根据句意可知，关系代词指代整个主句的内容，故填which;在where引导的地点状语从句中，第3空修饰谓语，应化用副词，故填officially;在第二个who引导的定语从句中，want之后应使用不定式作宾语，从句主语 who和bother之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故第4空填不定式的被动式t
7、o be bothered。类型3 非核心信息过多，句式结构复杂难理主干调研3 To reach this_(conclude),a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology calculated both the carbon dioxide emissions_full lifetime cost-including purchase price,maintenance and fuel-for nearly every new car model on the market.分析句式分析如下： To reach this_(con
8、clude),a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology calculated both the carbon 目的状语 主语 后置定语 谓语 宾语dioxide emissions_full lifetime cost-including purchase price,maintenance and fuel-for nearly every new car 插入成分 状语 model on the market.本句中后置定语、插入成分、状语等非主于信息较多，致使句子结构复杂。句意：为了得出这个结论，麻省理工学院的一个小组计算了市
9、场上几乎所有新车型的二氧化碳排放量和全生命周期的成本，包括购买价格、保养赀用和燃油费用。第1空设在目的状语中，作动词reach的宾语，且前面有this修饰，要用名词，故填conclusion； the carbon dioxide emissions和full lifetime cost并列，作calculated的宾语，此处为固定用法“both.and.,救第2空填and。类型4 句意理解有障碍调研4 Yangzhou is full of canals and rivers,and in history many of Chinas literary greats drew inspira
10、tion from the floating water.X+Living,there,integrated this concept with Zhongshuges,and tried to create the feel of being completely involved in ariver”of books.They highlighted that feeling with the zigzag shape on the ceiling,which,_(reflect)on the floor,Bowsthroughout the store like a river.分析空处
11、所在句句子结构分析如下：They highlighted that feeling with the zigzag shape on the ceiling,which,_(reflect)on the floor,flowsthroughout the 主语 谓语 宾语 方式状语 定语从句 状语 从句谓语store like a river.句意：他们用天花坂上的之字形突出了这种感党，天花板上的之字衫该院射在池板上，就像河流一样流过整个书店。此处描述的是一种设计理念，部分考生白于不理解句意而误判空处填谓语。由上述分析可知，which引导非限剂性定语从句，且从句中已有谓语laws,which指
12、代先行词the zigzag shape,空处为非谓语动词作状语，从句主语和reflect之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填reflected。类型5 难辨词性，厘清主干有困难调研5 It was Mao Xianglin,director of the village committee, gathered nearly all the villagers for a meeting in 1997 and suggested building a road (snake)along the mountains.分 析 句子结构分析如下：It was Mao Xianglin, director of the village committee, _ gathered nearly all the villagers强调句 主语 同位语 谓语1 宾语1 此处为强调句It was.that/who.,此处强调人，故第1 空填who/that;第2空作 后置定语修饰road,road和snake之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填snaking。snake.在此作 动词，意为曲折前行，蛇行,部分考生辨别不了此处snake的词性，导致误填。备考时，要注意以上5 类语法填空中常见的长难句陷阱，只要学会方法，备考时勤加练习、多运用，长难句其实没有想象的那么难。
