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1、直线度straightness垂直度perpendicular平整度flatness同心度concentricity同轴度axiality平行度parallelism圆度roundness平面度planeness随机的random不平uneven空心hollow同心concentricity偏心eccentric表面粗糙度surface roughness尺寸公差dimension tolerance允许误差admissible error上偏差upper deviation下偏差lower deviation尺寸dimension 长度length宽度width高度height厚度thick
2、ness深度depth跨度span直径diameter半径radius外径outer diameter内径inner diameter口径caliber径向跳动runout端面跳动endface runout中心线偏斜lack of alignment弯曲flexure, bending斜度slope角度angle对角线diagonal平行线parallel中心线center line斜线oblique line切线tangential line轮廓线contour line原点，起点original 转速rotary speed方向direction型号model测量measure附件ann
3、ex, attachment填写fill in开工会kick-off meeting间距interval操作错误operate missing签证visa敲打检查hammering test变形distortion试运行trial operation凸起camber凸出protrusion凹进concave超出protrude beyond清除decontaminate失败，故障failure断裂fracture塌陷，凹陷collapse中断discontinuity裂缝crack发裂flaw龟裂fissure毛细裂纹capillary crack起始裂纹incipient crack断层裂纹
4、fault fissure积水stagnant water船舱cabinProcessing 工艺加工processing, working工艺学technology工艺技术technique工艺的technologic工位station, position工序procedure, operation工步step车间shop, workshop工厂mill, factory, manufacturer工地、现场site外场yard, field侧面side断面section结构structure, construction构件,部件member, component零件part, elemen
5、t机构mechanism装置device机件machinery机械零件mechanical element基准datum水平基准线horizontal reference line精度accuracy余量allowance组件assemble分装件subassemble包装package外协件cooperation外购件purchase part备件spare part裸装件nudes散装件odd lot, odds & ends拆包unpackaging工件workpiece装箱单packing list机械擦伤mechanical damage平台platen滚轮架turning roll
6、胎架placentas压缩空气compressed air测温笔tempil stick打磨grind (ground)焊钳electrode holder砂轮机grinder钢丝刷wire brush砂纸sand-paper砂布emery cloth油漆Painting底漆primer painting, under coating中层漆intermediary painting面漆finishing painting, top coating除锈rust removal, derusting除漆depainting防锈antirust辊涂roller-painting冷作cold work
7、划线laying out打样冲眼center-punching锯切sawing錾削chipping锉削filing堵孔hole plugging工件work piece机械加工Machining, Mechanical working钳工加工bench working砂纸打磨sanding找正centering配键key fitting毛刺burr去毛刺deburring倒角chamfering倒圆角sounding, filleting倒钝锐边breaking sharp corners，rounding sharp edges钻孔drilling铰孔reaming锪削spotting镗削b
8、oring插削slotting扩孔counterboring, core drilling冲孔punching, piercing, perforation钻中心孔centering模具die, mould力矩扳手torque wrench锯断sawing粘接glued joint, adhesive-bonding热处理Heat treatment零件装配component assembly总装general assembly部件装配subassembly配合fit安装erection, installation拆卸disassembly, dismantle润滑Lubrication 集中
9、润滑central lubrication分散润滑separate lubrication泄漏leakageCrane起重机前大梁boom后大梁girder立柱，支腿leg海侧seaside陆侧landside上横梁upper beam下横梁sill beam连接横梁horizontal beam梯形架A-frame, pylon大平衡梁upper equalizer中平衡梁intermediate equalizer小平衡梁lower equalizer主动车架driving bogie从动车架driven bogie前拉杆forestay后拉杆backstay斜撑杆diagonal bar
10、机器房machinery house司机室operators cab电器房electrical room理货室checks cab俯仰操纵室boom hoist cab小车trolley 大车gantry托缆小车catenary trolley吊具spreader 上架headblock电梯elevator吊钩横梁hook beam辅助结构auxiliary structure后置平台rear platform倾转平台trim / list / skew (T / L / S) platform上铰座upper bracket下铰座lower bracket防挂仓装置snag load dev
11、ice锚定装置anchor device顶轨装置 rail brake device防风系缆tie down防碰撞装置bumper轨道夹钳rail clamp吊具调整装置trim, list & skew device安全钩boom latch, safe hook电缆卷筒cable drum, cable winder电缆拖令festoon cable车挡stopper避雷针lightning rod灭火器fire extinguisher防摇装置anti-sway device防跳装置anti-bouncer防松装置slack-preventing device起升滑轮main hoist
12、 reel牵引滑轮trolley travel reel俯仰滑轮boom hoist reel出绳罩ropes outlet hood吊耳lifting lug铰点hinge承轨梁track girder, rail beam横梁transverse beam, cross beam伸缩梁telescopic beam梯子ladder阶梯stop, stair平台platform走台footwalk, walkway扶手hand rail栏杆railing护栏protection cage直梯vertical stair斜梯inclined stairs(ladder)泄水孔drainage hole排水孔outlet entrance排水管draw-off tube铭牌name plate钢丝绳steel wire, rope卷扬筒drum马达motor减速器reducer滑轮reel, sheave, pulley制动器brake制动盘brake disc制动瓦块brake shoe制动鼓brake drum联轴节coupling万向联轴节universal coupling离合器clutch齿轮gear内齿轮internal gear外齿轮external gear轴axle, shaft偏心轴encentric shaft花键轴shine shaft轴套shaft sl
