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1、定语从句专项讲义【知识简介】一、定义定语：定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、 动词不定式、介词短语 等来充当，修饰名词或代词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例：The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk.定语从句: 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。定语从句一般后置。例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.That is the bike which
2、my father bought for me. 二、关系代词: 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等以及关系副词when, where, why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词（又叫先行词）和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。先行词为人 who, whom, that引导定语从句先行词为物 which, that引导定语从句1. who,先行词为人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）。 whom ,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) The man who I talked with is o
3、ur teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.2. which,先行词为物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.This camera（which） he is using ismade in Japan. Is this the library (wh
4、ich) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?3. that，先行词为人或物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly. A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man (that) I told you about.【要点难点】一、先行词为物时,关系代词that和 which的区分a.只能用that的情况：1、当先行
5、词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。eg. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?2、当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。eg. I have some books that are very good.3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。eg. This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this
6、bird. 4、当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.5、当先行词既有人又有物时。eg. I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.b.只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。eg. Mary has a book, which is very useful.2、在介词之后。 eg. This is a house in which an old man lives.
7、Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns.1. This is the only book _ I got last year.2. Is this the book in _ you are interested?3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在)in the mother school.5. All the desks _ are bought lo
8、ok really wonderful.6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory?7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by his father.8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. 三、先行词为人时,关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。a.只用who，whom,不用that的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中只能用who 或者whom。eg. I have a son, _ is really lovely and inter
9、esting.2.在介词后面时只能用whom。eg. The boy with _ I went to the park is my cousin.3.先行词是one(s),anyone,someone, those时，关系词使用whoeg. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.4.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoeg. There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.b.只用th
10、at不用who的情况 1.在 who 引导的特殊疑问句中，为避免重复，只用that不用who。 eg. Who is the person that has lost a wallet?四、两种情况下关系词不能省略I.关系词在从句中作主语时 You will like the furniture which/that was used in the past.II.介词提前时 He has gone to the library from which you borrowed the book last week.五、关系代词在定语从句中主语时，从句中的谓语取决于先行词。1. The girl
11、s who _(be) badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.2. The women that/who_ (be) speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.3. The bus which/that _(go)to the airport runs every half hour. 4. A cat is an animal that _(catch) the mouse. 5. He is the boy who _(carry) water for Grandpa Li 6. They
12、 have found the shoes that _(steal) last night . 7. I like the books which _(write) by Lu Xun. 8. Do you know the man who _(wear) thick glasses?9. The children who _(play) football are from Class 3. 10. The man who donated much money to the charity last week _ (attend) the party next Monday.11. The
13、boys who_ (play) football on the playground are my friends.12. Who has taken the books that _(be) on the desk just now?六、人的，物的用whose专项练习一、单项填空( )1This is the only one of the students _ the truth A that knowsB that knowC who knowD which knows( )2Do you know the girl _? A whom he often talk toB to who
14、 he often talks C to that he often talks D he often talks to( )3 The world _ we live is made up of matter A on which B of which C at which D in which( )4 There are no children _ love their parents A that do notB who does not C that D who dont( )5 Im one of the boys _ never late for school A that is B who are C who am D who is( )6 Who is the girl _ wearing a red dress? A whose B that C whom D thats( )7. I like the second football match _ was held last week.A. which B. who C. that D. /( )8.The dictionary
