《材料专业英语--个人整理仅供参考.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《材料专业英语--个人整理仅供参考.doc（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1. Translate the following into Chinesematerials science Stone Agenaked property Bronze age optical property integrated circuitmechanical strength thermal conductivity “Materials science” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contr
2、ast, “Materials engineering” is, on the basis of these structure-property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. 材料科学涉及材料到研究材料的结构和性质的关系。相反，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。 Virtually all important properties of soli
3、d materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative. 实际上，所有固体材料的重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学和腐蚀性。In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials
4、, namely “processing” and “performance”. 除了结构和性质，材料科学和工程还有其他两个重要的组成部分，即加工和性能。The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationships, as well as processing techniques of materials, the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make
5、 judicious materials choices based on these criteria. 工程师与科学家越熟悉材料的各种性质、结构、功能之间的关系以及材料的加工技术，根据以上的几个原则，他或她对材料的明智选择将越来越熟练和精确。On only rare occasion does a material possess the maximum or ideal combination of properties. Thus, it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another. 只有在少数情况下材料在具
6、有最优或理想的综合性质。因此，有必要对材料的性质进行平衡。2. Translate the following into English 交叉学科 介电常数固体材料 热容力学性质 电磁辐射直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationship between the structural element of materials and their properties.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材
7、料的应用问题。材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特性和性能。材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的变形有关。Mechanical properties relate deformation to an applied load or forceUnit 21.Translate the following into ChineseComposite materials nonlocalized electronsAdvanced materials stiffnessesSemiconductors biomaterialsSmart materials nanoengin
8、eered materialsMetals are extremely good conductors of electricity and heat , and are not transparent to visible light; a polished metal surface has a lustrous appearance. 金属是十分好的电和热的导体，它们对可见光不透明；一个抛光的金属表面有光辉的外表。Ceramics are typically insulative to the passage of heat and electricity, and more resis
9、tant to high temperatures and harsh environments than metals and polymers. 陶瓷材料是典型的电和热的绝缘体，并且它们比金属和聚合物更加耐高温和耐苛刻的环境。Materials that are utilized in high-technology (or high-tech) applications are sometimes termed advanced materials. 用在高科技中的材料有时被称作先进材料。Piezoelectric ceramics expand and contract in resp
10、onse to an applied electeic field (or voltage); conversely, they also generate an electric field when their dimensions are altered. 压电陶瓷在电场(或电压)的作用下作出舒张和收缩反应;相反,他们也产生电场当它们的尺寸会改变With the advent of scanning probe microscopes, which permit observation of individual atoms and molecules, it has become po
11、ssible to manipulate and move atoms and molecules to form new structures and, thus, design new materials that are built from simple atomiclevel constituents (i.e., “ materials by design”). 随着允许观察单个的原子和分子的扫描探针显微镜的出现,使得操纵和移动原子和分子去组成的新结构和设计由简单的原子能级成分的新的材料 (也就是,“材料的设计”)成为可能,2.Translate the following int
12、o English 先进材料 陶瓷材料高性能材料 黏土材料合金 移植玻璃纤维 碳纳米管金属元素有许多游离电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons,and many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons.许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。Many polymers are organic compounds and they have very large m
13、olecular structures,半导体材料的电性特征介于导电材料（如金属、金属合金）与绝缘体（陶瓷材料和聚合体材料）之间。Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors (viz. metals and metal alloys) and insulators (viz. ceramics and polymers).生物材料不能产生毒性，并且必须与人体组织互相兼容。Biomaterials must not produce toxic s
14、ubstances and must be compatible with body tissues Unit 42. Translate the following into Chinesephase transformation temperatures specific gravitythermal conductivity the melting pointthe acceleration of gravity magnetic permeability (1)An object will float in water if its density is less than the d
15、ensity of water and sink if its density is greater that that of water. Similarly, an object with specific gravity less than one will float and those with a specific gravity greater than one will sink. 一个对象将浮在水上,如果它的密度小于水的密度和水槽如果其密度大,是水的。同样,一个对象,比重不到一浮与比重大于一沉。 (2)Materials that cause the lines of flux to move farther apart
