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1、专题五介词、介词短语和连词一、介词和介词短语 介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词或代词(相当于名词的其他词类短语或从句)构成介词短语，才能在句中充当某一个成分。介词短语在句中可充当状语，表语，定语及补语等成分。How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden! Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? With a lot of difficult problems to settl
2、e, the newlyelected president is having a hard time.二、连词连词是用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词不能独立担任句子成分。按词义及其句法作用，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。常见的并列连词有and, but, or, not only.but also, yet, either.or.等。常见的从属连词有when, because, if, though, as if, now that, until, unless等。I saw Bob play the piano at Johns party and on that occasion
3、he was simply brilliant. Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.Please follow your supervisors instructions, or youll offend him.一、介词和介词短语 在高考试题中对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词搭配中。如：1for为了；因为 I apologised to the teacher for my being late.F
4、or some reason, I refused his invitation.2without 没有 He came in without his managers permission.I wouldnt have finished the task without your help. 3by 借助于某种手段 The old man earned his living by selling fruits.4over “在正上方(但未接触)；超过”，多表示年龄，距离或跨越一定的高度 You cant wear a blue jacket over that shirt.The plane
5、 can fly over the mountain. 5beyond 超越(界限、范围、限度)，可指时间或程度 Its quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.6across 表示从空间表面上横穿。through 表示从人体或物体的内部穿过，也可指抽象意义上的通过。He suddenly saw Mary across the room. He pushed his way through the crowd of people to get to her.7besides“除之外”，其宾语包括在内。except
6、“除了”，其宾语不包括在内。except for强调整体中的细节，前后事物不属于同类。but常和except互换，强调不在其中。but for“要不是”，往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中。Besides flowers, the pupils sent their teacher a nice greeting card for her birthday.The article is very good except for some spelling mistakes.二、连词 对连词的考查，近年高考主要集中在对从属连词和并列连词的考查上。对从属连词的考查主要集中在对其在不同从句中的不同用法的
7、考查；对并列连词的考查主要集中在对其连接并列成分的用法以及特点上。1并列连词(1)and, or和but I must work hard, or Ill fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and youll get the chance.Would you like to come to dinner tonight?Id like to, but Im too busy. (2)not only.but (also), as well as不但而且She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guit
8、ar. Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.(3)neither.nor “既不也不”； both.and.“两者都”；either.or.“不是就是”Neither you nor he is to blame.Either you or I am right. (4)not.but. 不是而是 They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of ahuman being.(5)for 因为 He is absent today,
9、 for he is ill. 注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。(6)so, therefore因此He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game. 2.从属连词主要应用在各种状语从句中。高考真题探究（20062011年）【2011全国卷II 14】This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at【答案】B【考点】考查介词。【解析】句意：在另行通知前，这家店将停止整顿。unt
10、il further notice表示“在另行通知前”。【2011北京卷 35】With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be take _ color. A. byB. forC. withD. in【答案】D【考点】考察介词的用法。【解析】In color表示“使用彩色”。固定搭配。句意：随着科技的发展，水下沟壑的图片可以做成彩色的。【2011上海卷 25】Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ the tough years.A. t
11、hroughB. upC. withD. from【答案】A【考点】考察介词的用法。【解析】句意：一年中，毕业的时候是感谢那些曾经帮助过你的最好时机。【2011湖北卷 30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor ofD. in praise of【答案】C【考点】考察介词词组的用法。句子意思是，当在问及对这个学校的校
12、长有什么看法时很多老师宁愿他闪到一边去支持年轻人。in praise of表扬，in terms of就而言，in need of需要。【解析】【2011山东卷 30】Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks.A. beyond B. with C. among D. over【答案】D【考点】固定介词搭配。【解析】通过前半句“Ive been very busy”现在完成时，可知搭配用的时间状语为“在过去的几周里”，固定搭配用介词“over the past couple of w
13、eeks=in the past couple of weeks”. 句意为：很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。【2011安徽卷 25】Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety problem.A. in B. to C. on D. after【答案】B【考点】考查介词。【解析】句意为：有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。本题考查名词后的介词的固定搭配。此句中主语为answers，意为“解决办法”，作此意时后跟介词to或towards，故选B项。【2011浙江卷 5】I always wanted
14、to do the job which Id been trained _.A. onB. forC. byD. of【答案】B【考点】考查介词。语义：我经常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作，for表示目的，意为“为了”，符合题意。【解析】【2011四川卷 8】Nick, its good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there. A. in B. for C. of D. on【答案】D【考点】考查介词。【解析】on 表示关于，some books on China意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意为：“Nick，你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。”故选D。【2011天津卷 11】He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.A. below B. of C. on D. above【答案】D【考点】考察介词。【解析】句意为：他是一个好学生,大多数科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均数；below average低于平均数；on average平均起来，一般说来。
