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1、Flywheel 利用飞轮旋转的惯性，使发动机工作的四个工作循环顺利进行（进气-压缩-工作-排气）发动机总排量是指发动机全部气缸的工作容积之和，单位是升。Crank /cam shaft曲轴、凸轮轴motor truck货车front/rear axle前、后桥前桥后桥就是指前后轮轴的部分，前桥包括避震弹簧，转向器，平衡轴等，后桥还包括驱动轴，传动齿轮等。以同类发动机轿车做比较，扭距输出越大承载量越大，加速性越好，爬坡能力越强。propeller shaft传动轴universal joint万向节torque扭矩final drive and differential主减速器和差速器grad
2、eability 爬坡度front engine , rear wheel drive前置发动机，后轮驱动overhang、suspension悬架wheelbase轴距（前后桥距离）tread轮距 （左右轮距离）filter shaft滤清器轴filter cover滤清器盖outside diameter外径minimum turning circle diameter最小转弯直径rocker arm cover摇臂罩valve rocker arm气门摇臂camshaft drive凸轮轴驱动轮spark plug lead火花塞导线timing belt cover正时皮带罩conne
3、cting rod连杆combustion chamber燃烧室v-belt pulleyV型皮带轮cylinder diameter汽缸直径piston stroke活塞行程compression chamber volume压缩室容积total cylinder volume 总汽缸容积Four-stroke gasoline/diesel engine operation principleintake compression expansion exhaust stroke 进、压、胀、排combustible mixture可燃混合气injector喷油器crankcase曲轴箱pr
4、ecompressed mixturetransfer canal输气道Crank connecting rod mechanism 曲柄连杆机构cylinder block汽缸体cylinder head cover汽缸盖罩cylinder head gasket汽缸盖衬垫stiffening rib加强肋main bearing cap主轴承盖bearing bush seat轴承座connecting rod shank连杆杆身connecting rod small end连杆小头connecting rod cap连杆大头盖Connecting rod end连杆大头connecti
5、ng rod bushing连杆衬套spring clip弹簧卡环piston pin活塞销piston head活塞头部piston ring groove活塞环槽compression ring压缩环oil scraper ring油环piston skirt活塞裙部piston pin boss活塞销座crankshaft front end曲轴前端front main journal前主轴颈crank pin 曲柄销crank web曲柄连接臂counterweight 平衡重flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈flywheel lock plate飞轮锁片clutch 离合
6、器Valve mechanism 配气机构Side valve 侧置气门Overhead valve 顶置气门tappet气门挺杆push rod推杆valve stem气门杆valve guide气门导管shielding cap护帽oil flinger油封upper valve spring collar气门弹簧上环valve split cone 气门锁片rocker arm摇臂rocker bracket摇臂支座retaining washer定位摇臂thrust washer止推摇臂rocker adjusting screw 摇臂调整螺钉oil pump driving gear
7、机油泵驱动齿轮Gasoline engine-fuel system 汽油机供油泵fuel level gauge油面指示表carburetor化油器exhaust manifold排气歧管fuel pump汽油泵fuel filter汽油滤清器exhaust silencer排气消声器fuel pipe油管fuel tank汽油箱intake tube进气管air deflector空气导流器cleaner body滤清器壳crankcase bleed pipe曲轴箱通风管hot air pipe热空气管fuel pump base汽油泵座diaphragm膜片fuel inlet nec
8、k汽油进口fuel pump body汽油泵壳filter screen滤清器网bowl cover泵盖fuel feed port汽油出口distance washer调整间隔垫圈diaphragm spring膜片弹簧rocker arm摇臂fulcrum pin杠杆支点销filter body滤清器壳filter cartridge 滤清器滤芯glass bowl玻璃滤杯bowl retaining clip滤杯支承夹air cleaner空气滤清器valve needle针阀float浮子nozzle喷管chock tube喉管throttle valve节气门intake manif
9、old进气歧管float chamber浮子室throttle valve节气门choke tube喉管plug旋塞filter gauze滤清器金属丝网valve seat阀座valve needle针阀float needle valve浮子针阀float pivot pin 浮子销float 浮子float chamber浮子室accelerator pump加速泵main metering jet主量孔ball valve球阀adjustable stop可调限位螺钉Carburetor control 化油器操纵件throttle control lever节气门操纵杆connect
10、ing lever rod连接拉杆cable wire拉索connecting adaptor连接杆cable hose拉索软管accelerator pedal hinge加速踏板铰链mounting bracket安装支架accelerator pedal lever加速踏板杠杆accelerator pedal return spring加速踏板回位弹簧distributor pipe分油管pressure regulator 压力调节器electronic control unit电控单元airflow sensor空气流量计coolant-temperature sensor冷却液温
11、度传感器relief valve卸压阀fuel feed pump输油泵injection pump喷油泵return pipe 回油管pressure pipe 高压油管Swirl chamber涡流室燃烧室roller tappet滚轮挺柱plunger spring柱塞弹簧control sleeve控制套筒pump cylinder泵缸feeding gallery进油通道delivery valve出油阀pressure pipe adaptor高压油管接头nozzle holder喷油器体fuel inlet passage进油通道leak-off adaptor漏油接头inlet
12、 adaptor 进油接头leak-off passage漏油通道adjusting shim调整垫片nozzle valve spring针阀弹簧needle valve seat针阀座clearance filter间隙滤芯Speed governor 调速器accelerator pedal linkage加速踏板杆件operating lever 操纵杆control rod link控制杆连接件eccentric shaftExhaust system 排气系统bracket 支架bracket plate支板exhaust manifold joint排气歧管接头double ma
13、nifold双排歧管double manifold collar双排歧管凸缘exhaust clip排气管夹头pipe U-bolt排气管U型螺栓protecting plate防护板rear silencer后消声器intermediate pipe中间排气管front exhaust pipe前段排气管air inlet port空气进口compressor压气机oil supply 润滑油入口oil return润滑油出口turbine蜗轮Emission control 排污控制radiator散热器radiator bottom tank散热器下贮水室radiator core散热器
14、芯radiator top tank散热器上贮水室fan风扇water jacket水套overflow pipe 溢流管drain plug放水阀thermostat恒温器thermostat main valve节温器主阀thermostat flexible bellows节温器挠性波纹管thermostat bypass valve节温器旁通管bottom radiator pipe散热器出水软管radiator cowl散热器罩top radiator cowl散热器进水软管blind cable百页窗拉索radiator filter散热器加水口Engine-lubrication systemoil passage油道oil filter tube加油管oil filter cap加油管盖bypass oil cleaner分流式机油滤清器oil pressure sensor油压传感器oil drain hole放油孔oil strainer机油集滤器oil pressure relief valve机油限压阀oil pump outlet pi
