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1、学案（Module 8 Unit 1）一、课前预习Look at the picture and answer the questions. P64What is the special event? ( I think/guess)_Complete the sentences using which, that, who or whom. Try to explain the meaning of the words in purple.1. Finger food is the food _. 2. A classmate is someone _.3. A friend is some
2、one _.4. A stranger is someone _.二、课堂复习巩固. The Object Clause (宾语从句)宾语从句是英语复合句中用来充当宾语的句子。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序.She said ( that she was from TCL.) 主句 引导词 主语 谓语1. that+陈述句的宾语从句主句的谓语动词是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, su
3、re, sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。 例如: He says that_. (他想要和你通话) Im sorry (that)_ 他现在不在这里 注意：that本身无意义,不充当任何成分,常被省略Note: 宾语从句的否定转移：主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。 I think chickens can not swim. ( ) I dont think chickens can swim. ( )此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句
4、的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较： I think he is wrong,_? He thinks he is right,_ ?2. if/whether + 一般疑问句的宾语从句if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if 多用于口语和非正式文体中;whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如： She asked me if/whether_. 我是否能帮助她 I dont know if/whether_ 是否将要下雨Note: 只用whether的四种情况：1) 在介词后 Im thinking of whether we sh
5、ould go fishing.2) 直接与or not连用时 I dont know whether or not they will come.3) Whether + 动词不定式 Check the prices before you decide whether to buy one.4) 宾语从句提前时只能用whether Whether this is true or not, I cant say.3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where how, why + 特殊疑问句的宾语从句例如: Do you know_?
6、谁下午将要来 Did you hear_? 她说过什么吗 We didnt know _. 她将什么时候回来注意：连接代词/连接副词在宾语从句中充当一定的子成份,不能省略 考点： 1.宾语从句的引导词* 2. 从句中的语序为陈述语序；* 3. 从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应如: ( )Id like to know_or not.(2003年中考) A. whether will he come B.whether has he come C.whether he will come D.that he will come 关于宾语从句的时态对应1、一般现在时 A.过去的某一种时态 2、一般过
7、去时 B.根据句意选择时态*特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制He says that he _to see him as soon as possible.(want)He said that he _to see him as soon as possible.(want)The teacher told us that the earth _round the sun.(go) 宾语从句小结1、_ 引导陈述句。2、_引导特殊疑问句。3、_引导一般疑问句。4、宾语从句要用_语序。5、主句、从句时态要对应。. The At
8、tributive Clause (定语从句)在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。 This is Tom. Tom gave us a talk yesterday. -This is Tom who (that) gave us a talk yesterday. 先行词 定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 引导定语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why一 、who, whom, whose引导的定语从句1. who 在从句
9、中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人。e.g. This is the doctor who came her yesterday.2. whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必须是人，可以省略。e.g. The man (whom) you saw last week has left the town.注意：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在whom之前，也可放在原来的位置上。在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上。e.g. a)The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. = Th
10、e man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei. (前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的whom可省略) b)The girl whom he is taking care of is ill. (take care of是固定词组)3. whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物。e.g. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. He lives in the house whose window faces south.二、 that, which引导的定语从句这两个代词
11、均指物，它们所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词是物，通常情况下，它们可以互换。1. that, which在从句中作主语，不可省略。 e.g. Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou.2. that, which在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 e.g. Is this the film (that/which) you talked about last week?注意：关系代词在作介词宾语时，只能用which且不能省略。 e.g. The house in which he once lived is a meeting-roo
12、m. = The house (which) he once lived in is a meeting-room.知识拓展：引导定语从句的关系代词that和which，在一般情况下，尽管可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用that，而不用which：1. 先行词是复合不定代词everything, anything, nothing等时。 e.g. She didnt forget anything (that) her mother had told her to buy.2. 先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。e.g. This is the first textbook (that) I studie
