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1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派(Confucianism)的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”(sage)。他的言论和生平活动记录在论语 (The Analects) 一书中。论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。【答案】【参考译文】Confucius is a fam
2、ous thinker and educator in Chinese history. He is the founder of Confucianism and is respectfully referred to as an ancient “sage”. His words and life activities are recorded in The Analects.The Analects of Confucius is a classic work of ancient Chinese culture, which has exerted a great influence
3、on the thinkers, writers and statesmen of successive dynasties. Without studying the Analects of Confucius, one cannot truly grasp the traditional Chinese culture of thousands of years. Many of Confucius thoughts, especially his educational thoughts, have had a profound impact on Chinese society.In
4、the 21st century, the teachings of Confucius are not only valued by the Chinese people, but also increasingly by the whole international community.2. 单选题Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be _ controlled and modified.问题1选项A.deliberatelyB.noticeablyC
5、.delicatelyD.instinctively【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. deliberately 故意地，有意地 B. noticeably 显著地，明显地C. delicately 微妙地，精致地 D. instinctively 本能地【考查点】副词辨析。【解题思路】主句意思是“人类的面部表情与动物不同”，结合定语从句的意思“它们可以被控制和修改”，其中they指的是人类的面部表情，综合理解可推测，空格处填入“有意地”符合句子意思。因此，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合句意。【句意】人类的面部表情与动物的不同之处在于，它们可以被有意地控制和修改。3. 单选题
6、Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader
7、 or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the sta
8、tuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of a
9、ppraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits the buyer choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chine
10、se peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choice from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores choice among them is limited.41. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuse
11、s can help us _.42. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _.43. The word “appraisal” most probably means _.44. According to the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to “_”.45. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chine
12、se peasant or that of a Hindu prince”, the writer means _.问题1选项A.determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB.behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC.protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD.make friends with other people问题2选项A.in order to identify themselves with othersB.in ord
13、er to better identify othersC.as their mental processes changeD.as the situation changes问题3选项A.involvementB.appreciationC.assessmentD.presentation问题4选项A.fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB.identification of other peoples statusesC.selecting ones own statusesD.constant mental
14、process问题5选项A.different people have different styles of clothesB.ready-made clothes may need alterationsC.statuses come ready made just like clothesD.our choice of statuses is limited【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】41.【选项释义】41. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _
15、. 41. 在第一段，作者告诉我们，身份可以帮助我们_。A. determine whether a person is fit for a certain job A. 确定一个人是否适合某一份工作B. behave appropriately in relation to other people B. 在与他人的关系中举止得体C. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations C. 在不熟悉的情况下保护自己D. make friends with other people D. 与他人交朋友【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段，第一段的段意是：身份是人类奇妙的发明，它使我们能够彼此相处（get along with one another），帮助人们确定在社会中所“适合”的位置。日常生活中，我们头脑里经常根据别人的身份试着判断别人。例如，我们必须判断图书馆的这个人是读者，还是图书馆管理人员，打来电话的人是朋友还是推销商。登门拜访的不速之客是小偷还是抄表工等等。从中我们可以看出，身份可以帮助我们做出判断，无论
