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1、英语动词ing用法归类总结动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。动词-ing 又分为present participle and gerund.动名词：由动词变化而来，一方面仍保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形势，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念，另一方面动名词在句中用法及功能与名词类同，在句子中可以做主语、宾语。表语和定语，它可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语。1.-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动式和被动式，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动式。现在以及物动词make
2、和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词 语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gonea. 一般式:V-ing1). 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。2). 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作
3、。They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。3). 动词V-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。b.完成式: having done1.动词V-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或
4、完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。注意：在现代英语中，作宾语的动词V-ing
5、形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I rally regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.)We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film.)c. V-ing的被动形式being done,表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正
6、在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。-ing完成被动式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.The question being discussed is very important.正在讨论的问题很重要。I cant stand being kept waiting. 我不堪久等。 The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having b
7、een shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书
8、很值得一看。d. having done的被动形式having been done表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library.在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。e. -ing否定形式: not+ V-ing His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。2. -ing形式的基本用法。（1）作主语：动名词作主语与不定式作主语在语序位置方面较相似，但在表达意思上有差
9、异。动名词作主语时，它已经将动作名词化了，已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了，动作意义很弱，比较抽象。而不定式作主语的动作意义较强，多指要是去做某事，这种动作往往是要发生的一次性动作,比较具体。例如： Breathing became difficult at that altitude. 在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good .早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。Cheating on an exam ruins ones character .考试作弊毁坏人的性格。It t
10、akes me ten minutes to get home from my office .我从办公室回家要花十分钟。It needs time to make three copies of it .把它复制三份需要时间。ing形式作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here.动名词作主语时，也常用It is 和There is 两种句型。It is 的句型常用于说明某种活动或是某件事情是如何，如何。强调事物的性质、特征等。常用于
11、It is后面的词有：no good , no use , useless , a waste, worthwhile , dangerous等等。句型There is 往往用于说明不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在。类似一种建议、命令等。例如：It is no use waiting for him any longer .等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice .学而不实践是没好处的。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light . 用这种方法去
12、测量光速是危险的。It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。There is no joking about such matters .这种事开不得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded .不能否认这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。There is no littering about . 不
13、许乱扔杂物。注意以下几种结构：1Theres no telling what will happen .=Its impossible to tell what will happen . = No one can tell what will happen . 2Its no use talking with him . Its no good speaking to them like that . 3Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleas
14、ure , a good time , a hard time（2）作表语：动词-ing作表语表示主语所处的状态。动名词作表语主要说明主语是做什么的、或是怎么回事， 动作意义弱，较抽象；而现在分词作表语则主要是表示主语的性质、特征等；不定式作表语却主要说明或解释主语（要去）做什么事，它比动名词更为具体，动作意义更强。例如：Her job is washing and cooking.=Washing and cooking is her job. My hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is my hobby.The real ques
15、tion is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要。His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent .（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west . （动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。The situation is very much encouraging .（现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。The story is moving . 这个故事令人感动。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词） 他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。 动名词作表语可以与主语交换，而意思不改变，现在分词作表语时则不可以与主
