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1、 2022年职称英语考试理工类B级新增文章（一）What Is a Dream? For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Somepsychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many exp
2、erts believe that dreams can tell us about a person”s mind and emotions. Before modem times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way. The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probab
3、ly the first person to study dreamsscientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900 ), Freud wrote that dreamsare an expressions of a person”s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express thefeelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.
4、 The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud” s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example,
5、people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves. Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example,psychologist William Do
6、mhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreamsare tightly linked to a person”s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, mightdream about crime. Dornhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not
7、dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop. He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men”s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often
8、 involve fighting. This is not true of women”s dreams. 3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modem and traditional ones. Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in differ
9、ent ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur,you shouldn”t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It”s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.
10、词汇： psychologist n.心理学家 psychiatrist n.精神病学家(医生) Austrian adj.奥地利的 gender n.性别 解释： 1.SigmundFreud西格蒙德.费洛伊德(1856-1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。精神分析学派的创始人。他认为被压抑的欲望绝大局部是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本缘由。着有性学三论梦的释义图腾与禁忌日常生活的心理病理学精神分析引论精神分析引论新编等 2.Carl Jung:卡尔.荣格，瑞士精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人 3.For example.the people in mens dreams
11、are often other men，and the dreams often involve fighting.This is not true of womens dreams.例如，男人做梦会梦到男人，并且常与打斗有关;女人做梦与男人则不同。 练习： 1. Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful. A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned 2. According to Freud,people dream about things that they cannot talk about. A.RightB.Wro
12、ngC.Not mentioned 3. Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself. A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned 4. In the past,people believed that dreams involved emotions. A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned 5. According to Dornhoff,babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do. A.Right
13、B.WrongC.Not mentioned 6. Men and women dream about different things. A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned 7. Scientists agree that dreams predict the future. A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned 1.A这句话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。即有些心理学家认为，人脑睡眠中的活动没有特殊意义;而有些人则认为，梦可以提醒人的思维和情感。. 2.A第三段的最终一句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在现实状况下可怕表达的情感、想法或恐惊。此句与本
14、表达全都。 3.B第四段的其次句和第三句：Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.(荣格认为梦的用途是向做梦者传递一个信息)He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.(他认为人们通过思索所做的梦能够更好地了解自己)。他给出了两个例子来说明他的论点。 4.C文中没有提及。 5.A依据第六段，Domhoff讨论得出：婴儿不像成人做那么多的梦，做梦
15、是一种需要时间提高的技能。这就说明白婴儿不具备成人做梦的力量。 6.A本文第七段叙述了做梦与性别的关系。其次句更指出男人和女人做的梦是不同的。 7.B最终一段的倒数其次句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并不表示一些恐惧事情就肯定会发生。因而不能猜测将来。 译文： 什么是梦? 很多世纪以来，人们都对他们梦到的奇异事情感到怀疑。一些心理学家认为，这种大脑的夜间活动并没有特别含义。另一些人则认为，梦是生命中重要的一局部。实际上，很多专家认为，梦能提醒人的心理和情感活动。 近代以前，许多人认为梦传递的是上帝的信息。直到20世纪，人们才开头从科学的角度讨论梦。奥地利心理学家西格蒙德弗洛伊德或许是第一个用科学的方法讨论梦的人。在他的着作梦的解析(1900)中，弗洛伊德写道，梦是一个人愿望的表达。他认为梦翻开了一扇窗，让人们得以表达在生活中不敢表达的情感、思想和恐惊。 瑞士精神病学家卡尔荣格曾是弗洛伊德的学生，但他对梦的看法与弗洛伊德不同。他认为，做梦的目的是要给
