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1、一个春大麦诱变的高产矮秆突变体的研究Title: Study on a High Yield and Short Stalk Mutant of Spring Barley Induced by RadiationAbstract: In order to obtain a high yield and short-stalk mutant of spring barley, gamma rays were used to irradiate the barley seeds. A mutant with a significant reduction in plant height and
2、a significant increase in yield was obtained. Through comparative experiments on the main agronomic traits, the mutant exhibited stable inheritance and good agronomic traits. Therefore, the mutant could be used as a new germplasm resource for breeding short-stalk and high-yielding barley varieties.I
3、ntroduction: Spring barley is an important cereal crop and is widely cultivated in many countries. However, the plant height of spring barley is relatively high, leading to lodging in the late growth period, which seriously affects the yield and quality. Therefore, it is urgent to breed short-stalk
4、and high-yielding barley varieties. In this study, we used radiation to induce mutation in spring barley seeds to obtain a high yield and short-stalk mutant.Methods: The irradiation treatment was carried out through gamma rays with different doses (100Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy, 400Gy, and 500Gy). The irradia
5、ted seeds were planted in the same field with control seeds. The plant height, yield, and other agronomic traits were recorded and evaluated in the experimental plots. The mutant with the most significant reduction in plant height and the most significant increase in yield was selected for further s
6、tudy.Results: After radiation treatment, a high-yield and short-stalk mutant of spring barley was obtained. The mutant had a 27.6% reduction in plant height compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the yield per plant of the mutant increased by 23.3%, and the 1,000-grain weight increased by 9.2% co
7、mpared to the control group. The resistant populations of the mutant and the control group were analyzed, and the results showed that the mutation was stable in inheritance and had good agronomic traits.Conclusion: Through the use of radiation, a high-yield and short-stalk mutant of spring barley wa
8、s obtained. The results of the comparative experiments showed that the mutant had stable inheritance and good agronomic traits. This mutant can be used as a new germplasm resource for breeding short-stalk and high-yielding barley varieties. Therefore, it provides theoretical and practical significan
9、ce for the organismic breeding of spring barley.Further evaluation of the high-yield and short-stalk mutant included analysis of its physiological and biochemical characteristics. Results showed that the mutant had higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency than the co
10、ntrol group. Additionally, the mutant had a higher content of soluble sugars and proteins, indicating an improved ability to store and utilize nutrients.In terms of yield-related traits, the mutant had significantly more tillers per plant, longer spikes, and denser spikelets than the control group.
11、These traits contributed to the increase in yield observed in the mutant. Genetic analysis showed that the mutation may have affected the expression of genes related to plant growth and development, especially those involved in regulating plant height and promoting tiller formation.The high-yield an
12、d short-stalk mutant can be used as a valuable germplasm resource for breeding programs aimed at improving the yield and quality of spring barley. Crossing the mutant with other elite varieties may lead to the development of new short-stalk and high-yielding barley cultivars. However, further resear
13、ch is needed to elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the mutants traits.Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of radiation-induced mutagenesis as a tool for crop improvement. The success in obtaining a high-yield and short-stalk mutant of spring barley provides a promis
14、ing example for the application of mutation breeding in other crops.Mutation breeding is a powerful method to generate genetic variation and has been widely applied in crop improvement. The use of ionizing radiation can induce a wide range of mutations, spanning from small nucleotide changes to chro
15、mosomal rearrangements. This method has been successfully used in barley, wheat, rice, soybean and many other crops.The advantages of mutation breeding include the speed, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of generating new genetic variation. It offers a non-GMO approach to crop improvement since onl
16、y the natural genetic variation within a species is used, without introducing foreign genes. Moreover, the generated mutant lines can be crossed with elite varieties to combine desirable traits, leading to the development of improved cultivars.However, the use of ionizing radiation can also induce deleterious mutations that affect plant growth and fitness. Therefore, careful screening and selection of mutants are important to identify lines with desirab
