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1、被动语态构成:be+及物动词的过去分 词1) am/is/are +done 一般现在时Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been done 现在完成时All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 A new cinema is being built here4) was/were done 一般过去时I was given ten
2、 minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5) had been done 过去完成时By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6) was/were being done 过去进行时 A meeting was being held when I was there.7) shall/will be done; be going to be done; be about to be done; be to be to
3、done 一般将来时 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8) should/would be done; was/were going to be done; was/were about to be done; was/were to be to done 过去将来时The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时 The project will have been
4、completed before July.10) should/would have been done 过去将来完 成时He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.用法双宾动词的被动语态有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构 时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主 语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常 变为主语的是间接宾语。His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for h
5、is birthday.复合宾语的被动语态当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动 语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其 余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. =The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 使役动词和感官动词的被动在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面 不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。例 Someone saw a stranger
6、 walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 关于动词词组有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词 介词/副词”等，也可以用于被动结构， 但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中 的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 非谓语动词的被动语态动名词形式及不定式也有被动语态（一 般时态和完成时态） 。I dont like being laughed at in the public.在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的 主动形式表被
7、动意义 。1. 在 need，want，require, bear 等词的后 面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含 义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）.2. 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形 式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture-book is well worth reading. =The picture-book is very worthy to be read.3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定 式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和
8、句中另一 名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形 式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. （to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关 系。 ）Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? （ 此处用不定式的被动语 态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。）4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或 宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又 是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定 式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有 nice， easy， fi
9、t， hard， difficult， important， impossible，pleasant，interesting 等。This problem is difficult (for me) to work out.5. 在tooto结构中，不定式前面 可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动 意义。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式 修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定 语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在 物。There is no time to lose (to be lost).(
10、用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose ；用 to be lost ，谁 lost time 不明确。.7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式，如 动词 rent, blame, let 等仍用不定式的主动形 式表示被动意义。Who is to blame for starting the fire?Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+ that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to d
11、o sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that 据报道， It is believed that 大家相信， It is hoped that 大家希望， It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认 为，It is suggested that 据建议。It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英
12、语中有很多动词如 break， catch， clean， drive， lock， open， sell， read， write， wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述 主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意 义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.The plastic breaks easy.注意主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特 征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影 响。The door wont shut.The door wont be shut.2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短 语，如： happen, last, take p
13、lace, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意 义。How do the newspapers come out?3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感 受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被 动意义。Your reason sounds sensible.介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语 表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词 合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该
14、名词相 应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在 进行中”。常见的有： under control, under treatment, under repair, under discussion, under construction。The building is under construction( is being constructed).2. “beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜 过 、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief , beyond ones reach, beyond ones control, beyond o
15、ur hope.The rumor is beyond belief. (=The rumor cant be believed.)3. “above+名词”结构，表示“(品质、 行为、能力等)超过、高于”。His honest character is above all praise. =His honest character cannot be praised enough.4. “for+名词”结构，表示“适于、为着”。女口： for sale, for rent 等。That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold.)5. “i
16、n+名词”结构，表示“在过 程中或范围内”常见的有： in print, in sight 等。The book is not yet in print . (=The book is not yet printed)6. “on+名词”结构，表示“在从事 中”。常见的有： on sale, on show, on trial。Today some treasures are on show in the museum (=. treasures are being showed).7. “out of+名词”结构,表示“超出 之外“,常见的有:out of control, out of sight
