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1、表语从用法1. 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句2. 引导表语的从句的关联词的种类( 1)从属连词 that. The trouble is that I have lost his address.The reason was that he was late for school.(2) 从属连词 whether, as, as ifHe looked just as he had lookedten years before.The question is whether they will be able to help us.注：从属连词 if 一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if
2、 却可引导表语从句。All this was over twenty years ago, but it as if it was only yesterday.The key is whether we can solve the problem.It looked as if it was going to rain.注：能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look, sou nc等He looked just as he had looked ten years before.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door
3、.(3) 连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。The problem is who we can get to replace her.That was what she did this morning on reaching the agreement.My question is who left.(4) 连接副词 where, when, how, whyWhat I wonder is when he left. This is where they once l
4、ived.That is why he didnt come here.The question is how he did it.（5）连词 because 可引导表语从句。注意： because 可引导表语从句， 但与之同义的since, as, for等不用于引导表语从句。I think it is because you are doing too much.Its just because he doesntknow her.That because he didunderstand me.（Tha because 强调原因）Thats why he got angry with m
5、e.（Thafswhy强调结果） 注意：在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后面的表语从句中， 谓语动词用虚拟语气.Should+动词原形表示，should可省略。My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow.一坚持（in sisit）二命令（comma nd, order）三建议（suggest, advise, propose） 四要求（desire, dema nd, require, request 四注意事项（重点看）1. 表语从句要用陈述语序。That is where the famous scientist was
6、 born.This is why she is so happy today.2. that和what在引导的表语从句that 本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分； what 则表示“所的（人或事）”在表语从句中充当主语或宾语等。That facet is that more than seventy percent of the earths surface is covered by water.What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.3. if 与 whether 均意为“是否”引导的表语从句
7、是，只能用 whether，不能用 if 。 The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.4. 语气(1) 主语为 advice, order, idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, requeS等 一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词，之后的表语从句中， 谓语动词用虚拟语气。Should+动词原形表示，should可省略。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.Our only request is t
8、hat this should be settled as soon as possible.(2) as if / though 引导的表语从句时， 从句谓语多用虚拟语气。 这是因 为从句中的情况与事实不相符。具体来说，如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式；如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词“had+d on如果从句表示将来的可能性不大，用 would(might, could)+动词原形。Li Lei is now in a new jacket he looks as if he were an American boy. The girl is giving us a v
9、ivid description of the moon.It seems as if she had been to the moon many times.但是，如果as if, as though引导的表语从句所表示的与事实相符，从 句则用陈述语气。The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.5. 时态 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主语时态和从 句时态可以不一致。The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.The questi
10、on is why he cried yesterday.系动词分类：一 根据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语动词，如 be, seen）和半 系动词（其后既跟表语作系动词用法， 也可以跟宾语或状语 作实义动词用，如 look ）1）He looked sadly at the boy. 看（ 着，实义动词用法 ）He looks a clever boy. （看起来，系动词用法 ）2）He looks at a clever boy.看着，实义动词用法）在英语中，某一动词是多义词， 既有实义动词用法， 又有系动词用法。二根据系动词的意义，我们把英语
11、系动词分为四类：A .五大感官系动词B.状态系动词C.动态系动词D.双谓语系动词l.look “看起来像是“，后接adj, n.分词，介词短语，不定式等。The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.2.Smell “听起来”，后接 adj,分词。The flower smell sweet.3. sound 听起来“，后接 adj,分词。The music sounds sweet.4. taste 尝起来“，后接 adj,分词。The apples taste very good.5. feel“摸起来，给.感觉”;“觉得”，后接adj, p.pY
12、ou will feel better after a nightssleep.B.状态系动词：1. be, “是“，属完全系动词。 I am a student.2. seem,似乎，好像“，完全系动词。They seem quite happy.3. appear：显得，看起来好像”,半系动词。It appeared （to be） a true story.4. keep, “保持的状”，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。Youd better go to bed and keep warm.5. remain, “仍是”，半系动词。I remained silent.6. stay保持（
13、某种状态）”，半系动词，后接adj,过去分词。The window stayed open all the night.7. prove “证明是”，半系动词，后接adj,nThe treatment proved to be sucessful.C. 动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。1. get变成，变得起来”，后接形容那个词，分词，介词短语。The days are getting longer and longer.2. fall 进入（某种状态），成为“，后接以下形容词： asleep,lame, silent,ill, sick, flat. The old men,
14、unable to express himself, fell silent.My father fell ill and died.3. grow “渐渐变得 .起来，长得 ” Itsgrowing warm.4. turn “转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。Maple trees turn red in autumn.It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fien.5. go, “变成（某种坏的状态） ”The telephone has gone dead. The material h
15、as gone a funny colour. Go 之后常接 adj.还有：bad,blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey6. becomeT变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）”I became interested in drawing. He became angry with me.They became good friends.7. come, “变成为（已知的状态） ，证实为”，后接形容词或前缀 un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。His wish to become a pilot has come true.后面接的形容词还有 apart,dear,natural,open,short, right,unstuck, untied.8. run “变成”，后接 adj. The price ran high.9. make, “达到某种状态，后接形容词，如： sure, certain, merry, bold, free. We must make certain of facts.D 双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词功能，后接表语，又保
